COBOLLIFLOB^. 



581 



is the garden Succory or Endive, the leaves of which when blanched are used 

 as a salad. 



Sco7-zonera hispanica has esculent roots, which are known under the name 

 of Scorzonera. The roots of S. glasttfolia, S. ddiciosa, and S. tuberosa, are 

 also eaten in different parts of the world. 



Tragopogon porrifolins The roots are eaten under the name of Salsafy. 



In America it is called the Oyster-plant, as the roots when cooked are thought 

 to have the taste of Oysters. 



Lactuca sativa is the garden or common Lettuce. It is largely cultivated 

 as a salad. As a medicine it possesses anodvre. diaphoretic, and somewhat 

 diuretic properties. Lactuca virosa, the Wild or Str<^ng-scented Letture, 

 possesses much more evident narcotic properties than the common Lettuce. 

 The inspissated juice of both L. sativa and L. virosa is Lactucarium or 

 Lettuce Opium, which is employed for its narcotic properties. L. virosa 

 yields the best and the largest quantity of Lactucarium. Other species of 

 Lactuca possess similar properties. 



Taraxacum officinale or Leoniodon Taraxacum, is the common Dandelion. 

 The root is very extensively employed as a medicinal agent. It is commonly 

 regarded as possessing aperinnt, diuretic, and alterative properties. It contains 

 a bitter crystalline principle, called Taraxacine, to which it seems principally 

 to owe its properties. When roasted, it is also sometimes employed as an 

 addition to coffee in the same manner as Chicory root. 



Natural Order 130. Cajipanulace^. — The Hare-Bell or Bell- 

 flower Order. — Herbaceous plants or under-shrubs, Avith a 

 milky juice. Leaves nearly always alternate, exstipulate. Calyx 

 superior (^$rs. 4 14 and 959), persistent (^Jig. 671 and 672) Corolla 



Fig. 957. 



Fig. 958. 



Fig. 959. 



Fig. 957. Diagram of the flower of Rampion {Campanula Eapunculus^ 



Fig. 958. Vertical section of the seed Fig. 959. Vertical section of the 



flower of Campnaula Rapunculus. 



monopetalous, regular {figs. 414 and 465), marcescent {figs. 414 

 and 672) ; cBstivation valvate {figs. 414 and 957). Stamens 

 equal in number to the lobes of the corolla {fig. 957), with 

 which they are alternate; anthers {fig. 492) 2-celled, distinct 

 or partly united. Ovary inferior {figs. 414 and 959), 2 or 

 more-celled {figs. 615, 957 and 959); style simple {fig. 959), 

 hairy {fig. 492) ; stigma naked {fig. 492). Fruit dry, capsular, 

 dehiscing by lateral orifices {figs. 671 and 672), or by valves at 

 the apex; placenta axile {fig. 615). Seeds numerous, with 

 fleshy albumen {fig. 958). 



Distribution, 8fc. — Chiefly natives of the temperate parts of 

 the northern hemisphere ; a good many are however found in 

 p p 3 



