COROLLIFLORiE. 611 



Monarda punctata, Horsemint — The herb is used medicinally in the 

 United SUles. In its properties it resembles the ordinary mints, but it is 

 more stimulating. M.fisttdusa is said to be febrifu^-al. The leave- of MMidyma 

 and pwr^jwrea are used in North America as tea under the name of Oswego 

 Tea. The flowers of Monarda didyma are said to contain the same colouring 

 principle as cochineal, and may be nspd for the preparation of carmine. 



Origanum vulgare. Common or Wild Marjoram, has similar properties to 

 the other labiate plants. Tlie dried leaves iiave been employed as a sub- 

 stitute for Chinese Tea. Mr. Hanbury has shown that the red volatile oil 

 sold usually in the shops as Oleum Orig'ani or Oilof Thyme, is obtained by dis- 

 tillation from Thymus vulgaris. This oil is imported from the south of France. 

 Several species of Otiaanum are used by the cook, as 0. vulgaris. Common 

 Marjoram, 0. Mnjorana or Majorana hortensis. Sweet Marjoram, &c. 



Hedeoma pulegioifles, American Pennyroyal, is much used in the United 

 States as an emmenagogue, and also occasionally as a stimulant and carmi- 

 native. 



Micromeria iheasinensis is used in France as a substitute for Chinese Tea. 



Melissa officinalis. Common Balm, possesses mild stimulant properties. 

 It is used as a diaphoretic in fevers, as an exhilarating drink in nervous affec- 

 tions, and as an emmenagogue. 



Marrubium vulgare. Common Horehound, is much employed as a domestic 

 remedy in coughs, &c. 



Natural Order 169. Verbenace^. — The Vervain Order. — 

 Herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate. 

 Calyx persistent, tubular. Corolla usually more or less 2 -lipped 

 or^irregular. Stamens 4, usually didynamous, or rarely equal ; 

 sometimes there are but 2 stamens ; anthers 2- -p- ggy 

 celled. Ovary (fig. 997) 2 or 4-celled; style ^' 



1, terminal (fig. 997); stigma simple or bifid. 

 Fruit dry or drupaceous, composed of from 

 2 — 4 nucules, which when ripe usually sepa- 

 rate into as many indehiscents-seeded achaenia. 

 Seeds erect or ascending, with little or no albu- 

 men, and an inferior radicle. Known at once 

 from Labiatee by their more coherent carpels and 

 terminal style. ^. g^. ^.^^.^ ^^ 



Distribution, ^c. — They are found both in fhe ' Vervain, 

 temperate and tropical regions. Examples: — iVerhena.) 

 Verbena, Lantana, Tectona, Clerodendron. There are 45 

 genera, and 663 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Many of the plants are slightly aro- 

 matic and bitter, but there are no important medicinal plants 

 included in this order. Some are valuable timber-trees. The 

 fleshy fruits of some species are edible. The leaves of a 

 few species are used as substitutes for Chinese tea. Many 

 are cultivated in our gardens for the beauty of their flowers and 

 for their fragrance, as the different species and varieties of Ver- 

 bena, the Aloysia or Lippia citriodora, the Sweet Verbena or 

 Lemon -plant, &c. 



Stachytarpha jamaicensis is reputed to be purgative and anthelmintic. Its 

 leaves are sometimes employed in Austria as a substitute for, or to adulterate, 

 Chinese tea. This is known under the name of Brazilian tea. 



Lantana pseudo-thea is used in the Brazils as tea, under thename of Capitao 

 da matto. Some species of Lantana have edible fruits. 



Tectona grandis, Indian Teak-tree or Indian Oak, is the source of the 

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