MONOCHLAMTDE^, 635 



ganthera, which contain 6 species. Their properties and uses 

 are unknown. 



Natural Order 208. Chailletiace^. — The Chailletia Order. 

 — Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, stipulate. Calyx 

 inferior, of 5 sepals ; cestivation induplicate. Stamens 10, peri- 

 gynous, in two alternate whorls, the outer petaloid, and sterile. 

 Ovary superior, 2 — 3-celled, with twin pendulous ovules. Fruit 

 dry, 1 — 2 — 3-celled. iSee^/s pendulous, exalbuminous. Many 

 botanists regard the outer whorl of sterile stamens as petals, and 

 place the order among the Calyciflorse, near Celastracese, to 

 which it seems most nearly allied. 



Distribution, ^c. — Natives of tropical regions. Examples : — 

 Chailletia, Stephanopodium. There are 4 genera, and 10 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Unimportant. 



Chailletia toxicaria is a native of Sierra Leone. The fruit is called Rats- 

 baue, from its poisonous nature. 



Natural Order 209. Uoiace^. — The Elm Order. — Trees 

 or shrubs. Leaves alternate, scabrous, with deciduous stipules. 

 Flowers perfect or unisexual, in loose clusters. Calyx inferior, 

 membranous, imbricated. Stamens perigynous, definite. Ovary 

 superior, 1 — 2-celled ; styles or stigmas 2. Fruit indehiscent, 

 samaroid or drupaceous, 1 — 2-celled. Seed solitary, pendu- 

 lous, with little or no albumen ; cotyledons fohaceous ; radicle 

 superior. 



Division of the Order, ^c. — This order is divided into two 

 sections thus : — 



Sub-order 1. Celtece. Ovary 1-celled. Examples: — Celtis, 



Mertensia. 

 Suborder 2. Ulmece. Ovary 2-celled. Examples: — Planera, 



Ulmus. 



Distribution, 8fc. — They are chiefly natives of the northern 

 regions of the world. There are 9 genera, and about 60 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Some are valuable timber trees. The 

 bark and fruit of some are bitter, tonic, and astringent. A few 

 possess aromatic properties. 



Celtis, — The fruit of C. occidentalis has a sweetish astringent taste, and has 

 been used in dysentery, &c. The tree is commonly known under the names 

 of Nettle-tree and Sugar-berry. C. orientalis has aromatic properties. 



Ulmus, Elm. — The inner bark of the Ulmus campestris, the common 

 English Elm, is thought to be demulcent, tonic, diuretic, and alterative, and 

 is used in certain cutaneous diseases. The wood of this species, as also 

 that of the U. ?nontana, the Scotch or Wych Elm, &c., is useful for certain 

 purposes, as it is not readily acted upon by water. The inner bark of U. 

 fulva, the Slippery Elm or Red Elm, a native of the United States, is much 

 employed in that country as a demulcent for both external and internal use. 

 When' ground it forms an excellent emollient poultice, like that of Linseed 

 meal. 



Natural Order 210. Ueticace^. — The Nettle Order. — 

 Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with a watery juice. Leaves alter- 



