aiONOCHLAMYDE^. 655 



Properties and Uses. — Some have astringent properties, as 

 Cytinus Hypocistus. A kind of extract is made from this in the 

 South of Europe, and used under the name of Succits Hypocis- 

 tidis, in diai-rhcBa, and for arresting haemorrhage, Bydnora 

 africana has a putrid-animal odour, but when roasted, it is eaten 

 by the natives of Afi-ica. 



Natural Order 237. Ratflesiace^. — The Rafflesia Order. 

 — Stemless and leafless parasites (Jig. 239), of a fungoid 

 texture. The plants consist solely of flowers (Jig. 239), which 

 are sessile upon the branches of trees, and are suiTounded by 

 scaly bracts. The flowers are perfect or dioecious. Calyx 

 5-parted (Jig. 239), tubular ; the throat surrounded by a number 

 of thickened scaly processes, which are either distinct from each 

 other, or united into a ring. Anthers 2-celled, distinct, and each 

 opening by a pore; or united into a many-celled body and open- 

 ing by a common pore. The anthers are placed upon a column 

 (Jig. 239), which adheres to the calyx, Ocary 1-celled, in- 

 ferior, ovules numerous ; placentas parietal. Fruit indehiscent. 

 Seeds very numerous, with or without albumen ; embryo amor- 

 phous. 



Distribution 8fc. — Parasitic upon the stems of Cissi in the 

 East Indies, and on Leguminous plants in South America. Ex- 

 amples: — Rafllesia, Brugmansia, Apodanthes. There are 5 

 genera, and 1 6 species. 



Properties and Uses. — Some have styjjtic and astringent pro- 

 perties. They are chiefly remarkable for their flowers, some of 

 which are of a gigantic size, and fungoid in texture. (See page 

 125). 



Artificial Analysis of the Natural Orders in the Sub-class 

 MoNocHLAUYDEJi. Modified from Lindley. 



(The Xumbers refer to the Orders as previously described.) 



1. Achlamydeous Flowers. 



A. Leaves stipulate. 



a. Flowers unisexual. 

 Ovary I-celled. 



Ovules numerous, comose .... Salicaceee. 234. 

 Ovules 1-2. 



Ovule erect Myricacece. 230. 



Ovule pendulous Platanacne. 214. 



Ovary 2 or more celled. 



Seeds numerous, winged Allingiacece. 233. 



Seeds few, not winged EuphorbiacccE. 218. 



b. Flowers hermaphrodite. 

 Carpel solitary. 



Ovule erect. Embryo in a vitellus . . Piper acece. 190. 

 Ovule suspended. Embryo naktd . . Chloranthacece. 191. 



Carpels several 

 Ovule erect. Embryo in a vitellus . . Saururacece. 192. 



B, Leaves exstipulate, 

 a. Flowers unisexual. 



Ovules very numerous Podostemacece. 1C3. 



