658 



SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



Monochlamydeous or Achlamydeous flowers also occasionally occur in the 

 following Orders of the Sub-classes Thalamiflorae.Calycifloras.and Corolliflorae. 



1. Thidamiflnrae : — Ranuncufaceee, Menispertnacece, Papaveracece, Fla~ 

 courtiacecB, Caryophyllacece. Sterculiacece, Bytineriacece, Tiliaceee, Malpi- 

 ghiacecE, RutncccB, Xatithoxylacecc, and Geraniaceee. 



2. Calyciflorae : — Celastracece, Rhamnacece, Anacardiacece. Leguminoste, 

 Rosacete, Lythrareee, Sax-frngacece, Cutioniacece, Paronychiacece,'. Mesem- 

 bryacrce, Passiftoracece, Myrtacece, OnagracecE, Haloragacece, CombretacetB, 

 HamamelidacecE, and Araliacece. 



3. Corolliflorae : — Oleacecs, and Primulacece, 



Class I. — Dicotyledones. 



Division 2. Gymnospermia. 



Natural Order 238. Pinaceje or Conifer^.— The Pine 

 or Coniferous Order, — Resinous trees or evergreen shrubs, 

 ■with branched continuous stems. Leaves needle-shaped (^fig. 

 318), or lanceolate, parallel- veined, fascicled {fig. 265) or 

 imbricate. Flowers naked, monoecious or dioecious. Male 

 flowers arranged in deciduous amenta. Stamens 1 or several, 

 monadelphous ; anthers 2 or many-celled, opening longitudinally. 

 Female flowers in cones {figs. 269, 397 and 1023), consisting of 

 flattened imbricated carpels or scales arising from the axils of 

 membranous bracts ; ovules naked, 2 {fig 709) or more, on the 

 upper surface of each carpel. Fruit a woody cone {figs. 269 

 and 1023), or a galbulus {figs 704 and 705), Seeds naked {figs. 

 1024 and 1025 ), with ahard crustaceous integument, albuminous, 

 cotyledons 2, or many {fig. 750). 



Fig. 1023. 



Fig. 1024. 



Fig. 1025. 



Fig- 1023. A ripe cone of the Larch {Ahies Larix or Larix europaa). Fig. 



1024. A ripe scale or carpel of the Scotch Fir (Pinus *i/lveatru), with two 



winged seeds at its base. mic. Micropyle. c/i. Chalaza Fig. 102.'>. A 



scale of the Larch bearing a naked seed, the other seed has been removed. 



