710 



SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. 



orchegonia (Jig. 811), are usually somewhat flask-shaped bodies, 

 which are imbedded in the fronds, or contained in receptacles 

 {fig. 810, r) elevated on stalks above the thallus. Each arche- 

 gonium developes after fertilization a sporangium, which either 

 bursts by valves {fig. 1093), or by teeth, or by irregular fissures. 

 The sporangium is usually without a columella, and contains spores 

 mixed with elaters (fig. 812) ; or it is furnished with a thread- 

 like columella, and contains spores and no elaters, or the latter 

 are imperfect ; or it has neither elaters or columella. 



Fig. 1092. 



Fig. 1093. 



Fifj. 1092. Jungermannia hidentata. 

 The stem is creeping, and bears 

 numerous small imbricated leaves. 

 Fig. lOO"). Sporangium of Jun- 

 germannia hijalina, dehiscing ver- 

 tically by 4 valves, and containing 

 spores in its interior. 



• This order may be divided as 



Division of the Order, Sfc. 

 follows : — 



Sub-order 1. Jungermannia cea or Jungcrmannecp..— ^c&\Q- 

 Mosses {figs. 1092 and 1093). — Sporangia oval; without 

 a columella; splitting vertically by 4 valves {fig. IQ9S). 

 Spores mixed with elaters. Examples: — Blasia, HoIIia, 

 Jungermannia, Sarcoscyphus. 



Sub-order 2. Anthocerotece. —^porsmgia pod-shaped; 1—2- 

 valved; with a fiUform columella. Spores either mixed with 

 imperfect elaters, or these are absent. Examples ; — Antho- 

 ceros, Monoclea. 



Sub-order 3. Marchantiacece or Marchantecp. ^lAVcrwoTts 

 {figs. 808— 812).— Sporangia without valves ; bursting irre- 

 gularly or by teeth ; without a columella. Spores mixed with 

 elaters {fig'. 812). Examples : — Fimbriaria, Marchantia. 



