122 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 



forms one of the characteristic features of this portion of the lake (figs. 

 37 and 38). 



From the viaduct to below Crossmichael the general feature's are some- 

 what similar, although the water is a little more peaty, but, being somewhat 

 remote from hills and moors, the lowland type becomes quite assertive, and 

 the gently inclined shores quickly merge into meadow-land or bog. Here, 

 again, Scirpus lacustris occupies large areas of the margin ; there are also 

 numerous large associations of Phragmites communis, Equisetum limosum}, 

 Heleocharis palustris, Carex aquatilis, C. rostrata, C. vesicaria, C. Goodenovii, 

 etc. A large barren form of either Nitella opaca or N. flexilis occurs 

 abundantly about and below the embouchure of the Dee : this is the same 

 variety as that found in Woodhall Loch, previously mentioned, and prob- 

 ably it was transported from there by water, as the effluent of Woodhall 

 Loch flows into the Dee near New Galloway railway station. 



The submersed plants of Loch Ken are as follows : — Littorella lacustris, 

 Lobelia Dortmanna, Lsoetes lacustris, Juncus fluitans, Apium inundatum, 

 Myriophyllum alternifiorum, Fontinalis antipyretica, F. squamosa, Callitriche 

 hamulata, Chara f i^agilis, var. delicatula, Nitella opaca, which occurs through- 

 out the loch (near Burned Island there are vast beds of it, although it does 

 not extend beyond a depth of 7 feet), the large Nitella previously mentioned, 

 Castalia speciosa, Nymphasa lutea and its var. intermedia, N. pumila. Ranun- 

 culus peltatus, R. heterophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Sparganium natans, Pota- 

 mogeton natans, and P. polygonifolius. The preceding were all abundant, 

 whilst the following were more or less scarce : — Scirpus fluitans, Subularia 

 aquatica, Potamogeton prajlongus, P. lucens, P. obtusifolius. Filamentous 

 Alga3 were scarce, but occasionally Cladophora glomerata was abundant on 

 stones down to 6 or 7 feet deep. The plants of the littoral zone are — 

 Scirpus lacustris, Equisetum limosum, Carex aquatilis, C. rostrata, C. 

 vesicaria, C. Goodenovii, Heleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, J. 1am- 

 procarpus, J. eff'usus, J. bufonius, Menyanthes trifoliata, Comarum palustre, 

 Spiraea Ulmaria, Caltha palustris, Phalaris arundinacea, Deschampsia 

 caespitosa, Cardamine pratensis, Mentha aquatica, M. sativa, Scrophularia 

 nodosa, S. aquatica, scarce, Equisetum palustre, scarce, Hydrocotyle vulgaris. 

 Ranunculus Flammula and a dwarf prostrate form of it, Carum verticillatum, 

 Eriophorum polystachion, Pedicularis palustris, P. sylvatica. Polygonum 

 Hj^dropiper, Galium boreale, G. palustre, Plantago lanceolata, Valeriana 

 officinalis, (Enanthe crocata, Angelica sylvestris, Senecio aquaticus, 

 Hypericum elodes, Lythrum Salicaria, Serratula tinctoria, Myosotis 

 palustris, etc. [In the lagoons at Kenmure Holms, which are connected with 

 Loch Ken, are Carex elongata, Lysimachia vulgaris, Lythrum Salicaria, 



