1909-10.] Flora of Scottish Lakes. 131 



these two lochs are as follows: — Subularia aijuatica, Lobelia Dortmanna, 

 Littorella lacustris, Isoetes lacustris, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Juncus 

 fluitans, Chara fragilis, var. delicatula, Potamogeton prffilongus, P. pol}'- 

 gonifolius, P. lucens, P. crispus, P. perfoliatus, Nympha^a lutea, Castalia 

 speciosa, Phragmites communis, Scirpus lacustris, Equisetum limosum, 

 Carex rostrata, C. filiformis, C. flava, var. lepidocarpa, C. Goodenovii, 

 Heleocharis palustris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Coniarum palustre, Juncus 

 articulatus, J. effusus, Caltha palustris, Galium palustre, Hydrocotyle 

 vulgaris, Ranunculus Flammula, Scutellaria galericulata, Narthecium 

 ossifragum, Lycopus europseus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Rhynchospora alba, 

 Cardamine pratensis, Spirasa Ulmaria, Pedicularis palustris, Mentha sativa, 

 Eriophoruin polystachion, etc. 



Carlingwark Loch forms a pleasing addition to the prosperous little 

 town of Castle-Douglas (fig. 53), imparting an impression of repose to the 

 clean and well-ordered streets. It is f mile long by -^- mile wide, and 

 has a maximum depth of 17 feet, but over a considerable portion of its 

 area the depth is less than 8 feet. The surface is 143 feet above sea level. 

 The loch is connected with the River Dee by a narrow canal which is 

 about IJ miles long. This canal was cut for the transport of marl up the 

 River Dee, even as far as the Glenkins. Marl was discovered in abundance 

 in and about the loch, and was formerly in great demand by agriculturists 

 for fertilising their land, instead of lime. There are several islands, wooded 

 with poplars, willows, alders, etc., which add to the picturesque appearance 

 of the loch. An unpleasing feature is that the sewage of the town is 

 drained into the loch, which, although about 105 acres in extent, is very 

 shallow except at the sites of the old marl-pits, so that in hot, dry summers 

 the residents of the town are inconvenienced by unpleasant odours and 

 the risk of disease. The water at the south end is fairly clear and bright, 

 but at the north end it is somewhat turbid and dead-looking, which is 

 probably the result of the drainage from the town. The vegetation also 

 has doubtless been affected thereby, for the semi-aquatic flora is composed 

 of a large number of species, most of which grow in great luxuriance (figs. 

 54-56), whilst the submerged aquatics, although extremely abundant, are 

 restricted in variety, possibly because the abnormal abundance of food-salts 

 in the water, combined with the general shallowness of the loch, has 

 favoured the excessive increase of a few species to the exclusion of others. 

 I have, in fact, seen few lakes with such exuberant vegetation. The margin 

 is frequently marshy and overgrown with a dense growth of reed or sedge, 

 particularly in the south portion of the loch (figs. 55 and 56). At other 

 places, especially at the northern end, the fiat shore is either stony or of 



