■27. COMPOSIT.E. 



79 



Iiiyolucral bracts united in a cup 

 at base; scales long, linear 

 E. Pappus none. 



F. AH flowers fertile 



F. Central flowers sterile. 



Akenes beaked and curved 



Akenes not beaked. 



Alcenes drupelike, with a hard 



nutlet 



Akenes 3-winged 



A. Receptacle with flattish scales between 

 the flowers ; akenes without a pappus 

 of hairs. 

 G. Outer flowers ligulate. 

 Leaves alternate. 



No pappus ; ' leaves divided. 



Ligules almost circular 



Ligules oblong 



Pappus of scales ; leaves entire ; in 



volucre spiny 



Leaves opposite ; pappus of plumose 



scales 



G. All flowers tubular and bisexual ; pap- 

 pus a membranous cup 



Gazania 



Chrysanthemum 7 

 Calendula 8 



osteospermum 9 

 Tripteris 10 



Achillea 11 

 Anthejiis 12 



Pallenis 13 



Galinsoga 14 



Ammobium 



Subfamily 2. — Cynaroide^. 



H. Pappus deciduous, consisting of hairs 

 united in a ring at the base. 

 I. Stamens with filaments united in a tube; 



receptacle bristly Silybum 15 



I. Stamens with free filaments. 

 J. Receptacle honeycombed but not bristly Onopordon 15 

 J. Receptacle bristly. 



K. Pappus of plumose hairs. 



Involucral bracts fleshy at base ; 



flowers blue Cynara 17 



Involucral bracts not fleshy ; 

 flowers purple. 

 Bracts ending in a simple spine CiPvSium 18 

 Bracts ending in a piiuiate spine Picnomon 19 

 K. Pappus of simple hairs-, leaves 



docurrent Carduus 20 



H. Pappus persistant (rarely none), consist- 

 ing of scales not united at base. 

 Involucral bracts with a jagged or spiny 



appendage Centaurea 21 



Outer involucral bracts large, i-esembling 



the stem-leaves Kentrophyllum 22 



Subfamily 3. — Ligulat^e. 



L. Akenes with scaly pappus. 



Pappus a small scaly crown ; flowers 



blue CiCHORiUM 23 



Pappus of central akenes consisting of 



long, acuminate scales ; flowers yellow Hedypnois 24 

 F 



