156 



57. GKAMTXE.E. 



3 or 4) empty bracts called the otiii r or onpfij (ilitines. All 

 these together form a 1-flou-ercil spikelet, but there may 

 be several flowers arranged one above the other in 2 rows 

 on opposite sides of a common axis (so that the upper 

 flowers often appear to be stalked), with the outer flumes 

 at the base, the Avhole forming a srverol-flowered spikeJef; 

 spikelets arranged in a spike, raceme, or panicle ; stamens 

 usually 3, anthers 2-celled ; styles 2, with long feathery or 

 downy stigmas; ovary free; fruit (a rain or rarj/opsis) con- 

 sisting of the .single seed and the pericarp, which are 

 usually inseparable. 



Herbs (grasses) with alternate narrow leaves, embrac- 

 ing the stem with long sheaths which are slit at maturity 

 on the side opposite to the blade ; sheath ending at the 

 base of the blade in a tonguelike membrane fli(iuh), some- 

 times very short, or reduced to hairs; stems usually hollow 

 between the nodes. 



In the ilkistrations the figures 1, 2, 3, 4 indicate the 

 empty glumes in ascending order; flri. f?/. = iloweriiig ghime ; 

 p. = palea ; lud. = lodicules. 



A. Spikelets with 1 fertile flower. 



B. Spikelets arranged in 1 or more simple 

 spikes; spiliiclots sessile or subsessile in 

 the notches of the axis. 



C. Spikes several, linear, 1-sided, digitate 



or branching from the stem near 

 its suminit. 

 Spikelets compressed dorsally ; flower- 

 ing gkune awnless, hardened in 

 fruit. 

 Outer glum.os 3, the lowest minute 



(partly) 



Outer glumes 2 ; anthers and 



stigmas violet 



Spikelets compressed laterally ; flower- 

 ing glume membranous, keeled, 3- 

 nerved. 

 Flowering glume awned; spikelet 

 with a male or barren flower 



above the fertile one 



Flowering glume awnless ; spikelet 

 containing only the fertile flower 

 C Spike solitary at the end of the stem. 

 Spike linear, 1-sidod ; flowering 

 glume awnless; spikelets with a 

 male flower below the fertile one 

 Spike subcylindrical ; flowering glume 

 long-awned ; s|iik('l(>ts in 3's; 

 outi r glumes forming a half- 

 involucre 



B. Spikelets arranged in a dense spike- 

 like panicle (compound sjiikc). 



D. Spikelets with a bristly involucre; 



outer glumes shorter than the flower. 



Panict'm 1 

 Paspalfm 2 



Chloris 3 

 Cynodok 



STENOTAPHnUIil 4 



HoRDEni 5 



