ENGLISH BOTANY. 
Crass II.—MONOCOTYLEDONS. 
Herss, or rarely (and only in exotic genera) trees, with a stem in 
which the wood, pith, and bark are undistinguishable, as it consists 
wholly of cellular tissue in which are imbedded fibro-vascular strings 
passing into the leaves above. Seed containing an embryo having a 
single seed-leaf or cotyledon, in the axil of which lies the bud which is 
to form the future stem. Leaves generally with unbranched parallel 
or sub-parallel veins, or with a midrib from which such veins proceed, 
rarely with branched anastomosing veins. Parts of the flower generally 
3 or some multiple of 3, rarely 4, 2, or 1. Calyx and corolla generally 
alike in texture, and both often coloured: on this account in the 
monocotyledons these terms are seldom employed, the floral envelopes 
being described under the general term of perianth. 
Sus-Orper [.—FLORID @. 
Essential organs of the flower surrounded by a perianth, or more 
rarely naked. Perianth of regularly whorled leaves or monophyllous. 
ORDER LXXIV.—TYPHACE A. 
Perennial aquatic or marsh herbs with creeping rhizomes. Stem 
simple or branched at the apex, cylindrical, leafy. Leaves alternate, 
lorate-linear, entire, parallel-nerved, sheathing. Flowers unisexual, 
moncecious, in continuous spikes or globular heads: in the latter case 
the heads are arranged in a raceme or panicle; in all cases the male 
flowers are placed above the female. Male flowers numerous, without 
any perianth, inserted directly upon the axis; the flowers intermingled 
with hairs or scales which have no regular arrangement round the 
separate flowers: stamens simple or shortly 2- or 5-forked at the apex; 
anthers oblong, erect, affixed by the base, 2-celled; the connective 
VOL. IX. B 
