LILIACEX. 185 
curved; the three inner much smaller, strapshaped-linear, often tinged 
with purple. Anthers adhering to each other; filaments xonadelphous. 
Berry about the size of a small black currant, bright red, with a firm 
skin covering mealy pulp. Seed solitary and spherical, or two and 
hemispherical, yellowish, dim, resembling horn. Stems lasting for two 
years or more. 
Common Butcher's Broom. 
French, Fragon piquant. 
This plant was at one time made into besoms for butchers to sweep their blocks 
with, hence its popular name; it is still used in Italy for the same purpose. It is 
sometimes called the Knee Holly, but is much stiffer-looking and not nearly so hand- 
some in any respect as the holly. This plant was known to the ancients, and is men- 
tioned by Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and by Virgil in the Eclogues and Georgics 
Sus-Orpver III.—LILIE/#. 
Leaves of the perianth free or combined, usually all similar and 
petaloid, or the three outer herbaceous on the back. Styles united. 
Fruit a dry capsule, loculicidally 3-valved. 
Herbs, very rarely shrubs, with the rootstock commonly a tuni- 
eated or scaly bulb; or if not, the root with thickened fasciculated 
fibres. Stem simple, rarely branched, leafy, or absent and the leaves 
all radical. Leaves with parallel veins, or more rarely with a midrib 
from which parallel veins are given off, or with cancellate venation: 
very rarely the leaves are ensiform and equitant. 
Tre L—TULIPEA. 
Perianth leaves free or coherent only at the base. Seeds flat, dis- 
ciform or plano-convex, with the testa commonly pale brown. — Root- 
stock a scaly or tunicated bulb. Stem generally leafy, with the leaves 
amplexicaul or sessile. 
GENUS VII—LILIUM. Linn. 
Perianth coloured, funnelshaped or bellshaped or turbanshaped; 
perianth leaves 6, free but at first slightly cohering at the base, 
spreading-ascending, often more or less revolute towards the apex, 
with a slender furrowlike nectariferous pore in the flattish base, often 
papillose on the inside. Stamens 6, subadherent to the base of the 
perianth leaves; anthers affixed by their back to the filaments, ex- 
trorse. Style subcylindrical, often enlarged at the apex, straight or 
VOL. Ix. BB 
