Plate 197.— LYPEKANTHLS AMAKCTICUS and 

 CALADJi^iSlA Bli^ULlA. 



Family UKCHIDACE^.j [Genera LYl'ERANTHUS, R Br. 



CALADENIA, R. Br. 



Lyperamhus antarcticus, Hook. /. FL Aniarct. ii, 544 ; V/teesem. Man. N.Z. Fi. 687. 



Caladenia bifolia, Uook. /. FL Nov. Zel. 247 ; Vheesew. Man. A.Z. Fl 689 



Chiloglottis Traversii, F. Muell. Vey. Vhath. Is. ol. 



Chiloglottis bifolia, Hchlechler %n Jitu/l. Hot. Jakr. baud 45, p. J8a. 



Ljperantkus antarcticus was lirst diacovered in the Auckland Islands in 

 March, 1840, by Lieut. Le Guillon, a member of Admiral D'Urville's explonnii' 

 expedition in the '" Astrolabe " and " Zelee." In November of the same year 

 feir J. L. Koss, in the "Erebus" and "Terror," also visited the islands; and 

 S5ir J. U. Mooker, who accompanied the expedition, obtained imperfect speci- 

 mens of the plant. All that Hooker could do m the hrst volume of the " Elora 

 Antarctica was to allude to the plant under the heading " dubii generis"- 

 but an examination of Le GuiUon's specimens enabled him to refer it to the 

 genus Lyperantlms, and in the supplement to the second volume he conse- 

 quently described it under the name it still bears. In 18G3 it was collected 

 by bir James Hector and Mr. Buchanaii in the interior of Otago Since 

 then It has been found to have a wide distribution in subalpine districts from 

 the lararua Eaiige southwards to Stewart Island and the Auckland Islands 

 in i\ew Zealand it is most common between -2,500 ft. and 4,000 ft elevation 

 but it descends to sea-level in Stewart Island. 



Lyperanthus antarcticus differs from the type of the genus in the upper 

 sepa being much broader and more hooded, in the less spreading sepals and 

 petals, and in the shorter and broader column, but the differences are not 

 suthcieiit for generic distinction. According to Dr. Schlechter, the e-enus is 

 conhned to Australia and New Zealand, and is limited to four or five species 

 Ihe New Caledonian plants formerly placed m the genus he now refers to 

 Megastyhs (see Engl. Bot. Jahr. vol. 45, 384). 



Caladenia bifolia was also first collected on the Auckland Islands imper- 

 fect specimens having been gathered thereon by Sir J. D. Hooker in 1840 

 and referred to in the '-Flora Antarctica" under the heading ^^ Caladenii 

 No. 5. A few years later It was collected in Otago by Dr. Lyall, and on the 

 KuaJiine Kange by Mr. Colenso. Subsequent exploration has proved that it 

 IS by no means uncommon m montane and subalpine districts from Rotorua 

 and laupo southwards to Stewart Island; it is also found in the Chatham Islands 

 Antipodes Island, and the Auckland Islands. It ascends as high as 4,500 ft ou 

 the Nelson mountains, but descends to sea-level in the Chatham Islands and 

 Stewart Island. 



Caladenia bifolia is a somewhat anomalous member of the oenus its habit 

 being precisely that of Chiloglottis, to which it has been refe°rred by Baron 

 Mueller and more recently by Dr. Schlechter. But, as I have pointed out 

 in the Manual, it wants the essential character of the wings of the column 

 produced into two lobes behind the anther. In this respect the student 

 should compare fig. 9 of the accompanying plate, showing the column of 

 Caladenia bifolia, with fig. 4 of Plate 198, representing the column of Chile 

 glottis comuta. On the whole, I am still of opinion that the species is best 

 placed in Caladenia. 



k M^';^'^ ^Vt' ^V^ranihm aniarcticus, drawn from .specimens collected on the Auckland Islands 

 by Mr. B C. As on. Fig. 1 front view of flower (x 2) ; 2, side ^^ew of same (x 2) ; t Hp shoS 

 tlie longitudmal lamelte (x 1) : 4, side view of column (x 4) ; 5, front view ot column (x i) ^ 



FI.ATE 197b Calmlenia bifolia, drawn from specimens collected in the Mount Arthur Pkfpa,, 

 NelBon, at an altitude of 4,000 ft Fig. 6, side view of flower (x2): 7, front vSw of flower (x 2' 

 8, hp, showmg the two Imes of calli (x 4) ; 9, column (x 4). ^ ' ' 



