CRUCIFER®. 185 
plant and the last, except that the radical leaves are hispid in 
B. campestris and glabrous in B. Napus. Sometimes the hairs on 
the radical leaves are very few and confined to the midrib. 
Wild Navew or Navette, Coleseed, Swedish Turnip. 
French, Chow des Champs, Navette. 
Although the distinction between the wild species of Brassica are very imperfect, 
the cultivated forms assume very definite distinctions, The forms of the Brassica cam- 
pestris recognized by De Candolle and other writers on the forms of cultivated plants 
are as follow :— 
B. campestris oleifera.—The Coleseed, Colsat, or Colza. It has a slender fusiform 
root and elongated stem. 
B. campestris pabularia.—It has a short stem, and is chiefly cultivated for fodder. 
It is the Chow & faucher of the French. 
B. campestris Napo-Brassica.—I1t has a turnip-shaped root, and is the form which 
yields the Turnip-rooted Cabbage of French agriculture, and the Swedish Turnip of the 
English farmer. 
This species of Brassica is but seldom used otherwise than as fodder for sheep 
and cattle, although it is regarded by some as a pleasant vegetable for the table when 
boiled. The Swedish is hardier than the common Turnip, and on some lands is more 
productive. The root, which is yellow, is sometimes employed to manufacture a ficti- 
tious “orange marmalade.” The green tops form an excellent vegetable, and large 
quantities are sold in London for this use, for which they are superior to the common 
turnip tops. If earthed up in the spring they become blanched, and in that state 
furnish a substitute for sea-kale. The seed is sold for crushing, or is often crushed by 
the farmer himself. The Colza, so much grown in France and Belgium as an oil plant, 
is a variety of this species, though in some parts of France the rape and common 
cabbage pass under the same name. It is not unlike rape in appearance, and the culti- 
vation is almost precisely the same. Colza has been grown to some extent in Essex 
and Lincolnshire, but is less in favour with the farmer than the rape, though producing 
more seed. The chief part of the Colza oil used in this country is imported from abroad, 
as oil crops are supposed by British farmers to exhaust the land. The great advantage 
attending the cultivation of this root is that it requires no manure whatever; any soil 
that is poor and light, especially if it be sandy, suits it, when it seldom exceeds the size 
of one’s thumb or middle finger ; in rich manured earth it grows much larger, but it is 
not so sweet or of so good a quality. 
Sus-Sprecies II].—Brassica Rapa. Linn. 
Piatt XC.* 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ et Helv. Vol. II. Zetr. Tab. XCVI. Fig. 4437. 
Radical leaves green not glaucous, hispid; stem leaves glaucous 
and glabrous. Flowers falling off before the corymb lengthens 
into a raceme. 
* The Plate is E. B, 2176, unaltered, 
