CRUCIFER®. 147 
West, where, so far as is known, Ross-shire is the most northerly 
county in which it has been found. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Biennial. Spring and 
Early Summer. 
Stem commonly curved where it leaves the ground and then 
erect, 18 inches to 4 feet high. Root leaves on very long stalks, 
the lamina often 3 or 4 inches in diameter, roundish, very deeply 
cordate, with crenate or repand edges; stem leaves smaller and on 
shorter stalks, deltoid-ovate, often acuminate, base cordate, edges 
crenate-dentate, or in the uppermost leaves dentate. Flowers about 
+ inch in diameter, pure white. Fruit pedicels about + inch long. 
Pods smooth, 14 to 2 inches long, scarcely curved, not tapering, 
beaded; valves with 1 very prominent nerve, on each side of which 
there is a faint one close to the suture; replum transparent, 
without a nerve. Plant dull green, glabrous, and shining. 
This plant is usually placed in a separate genus, Alliaria. The 
principal characters employed to separate it from Sisymbrium are 
that the seed-stalk is widened, so as to be ribandlike instead of thread- 
like, as is the case in the other species of the genus Sisymbrium. 
The great prominence of the middle nerve of each valve of the pod 
gives the latter a 4-sided appearance, which has led to its being 
placed in the genus Erysimum; but the pod is more cylindrical 
and the calyx less erect than in the species of that genus. 
Garlic Hedge Mustard, Jack-by-the-Hedge, or Sauce Alone. 
French, Sisymbre Alliare. German, Das Knoblauchkraut. 
The specific name is derived from alliwm, garlic, on account of the strong smell of 
garlic emitted by the plant. It was formerly used by the country people in sauces, with 
bread and butter, salted meat, and in salads,—hence one of its common names Sauce 
Alone; and from growing by hedgesides it is called Jack-by-the-Hedge. It is occasionally 
used as a salad, or boiled as a pot-herb. Horses, sheep, and swine refuse it, but cows 
and goats eat it. If eaten by cows it gives a strong disagreeable flavour to the milk. 
When it grows in poultry yards fowls eat it, and it gives a rank, unpleasant taste to 
their flesh. The seeds excite sneezing. In common with nearly all plants of this 
order, it had a reputation for medicinal virtues in olden times. 
GENUS VI—ERYSIMUM. Linn. 
Sepals erect, equal at the base, or the lateral ones slightly 
gibbous. Petals equal, entire, elongate, and with long claws. 
Filaments without wings or teeth. Pod linear-elongate, sub-cylin- 
drical, 4-sided; valves keeled, with a strong dorsal nerve, and 
sometimes 2 other less conspicuous lateral ones. Stigma sub-sessile, 
or raised upon a cylindrical style, disciform, slightly 2-lobed, or 
