CRUCIFERA. 183 
SPECIES I—COCHLEARIA ARMORACIA. Linn. 
PLatE CXXIX.* 
Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. et Helv. Vol. II. Zetr. Tab. XVII. Fig. 4262. 
Armoracia rusticana, “ Fl. der Wett.” Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. v. p- 30. Look. & Arn. 
Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 29. 
Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. et Helv. ed. ii. p. 71. 
Roripa rusticana, Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. p. 127. 
Root perennial, thickened, fleshy. Stem with numerous ascend- 
ing branches on the upper part. Radical leaves sub-coriaceous, on 
long stalks, oblong, crenate or serrate; stem leaves on short stalks 
or sessile, elliptical or strap-shaped, the lower ones often pinnatifid, 
but they sometimes resemble the uppermost ones in being only 
crenate or serrate. Pods (very rarely perfected) ovoid; style very 
short. 
By the sides of rivers, in ditches, and in waste places. Not 
unfrequent both in England and Scotland, but only where it has 
escaped from cultivation. 
England, Scotland, Ireland]. Perennial. Spring, Summer. 
S pring 
Rootstock thick and fleshy, appearing to be a continuation of 
the root, emitting subterranean stolons. Stems erect, stout, tough, 
striated, 2 to 3 feet high or even more, much branched in the upper 
part ; the branches ascending, erect, slender, the uppermost leafless. 
Radical leaves very large, often a foot or more long, ovate or 
oval-oblong, generally unequal at the base; stem leaves much 
smaller and narrower, attenuated towards the base. Flowers 
white, ¢ inch across, in a compound flat-topped panicle, each 
branch of which terminates in a small corymb. Petals about twice 
as long as the sepals, and with them often persistent on the 
abortive pods. Pedicels + to + inch long. Pods about 4 inch 
long, scarcely twice as long as broad; valves very convex, without 
a dorsal nerve. Seeds 8 to 12 in each cell of the pod, “ ovoid, 
smooth’ + (Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr.). Plant dark green, glabrous. 
Horseradish. 
French, Cranson de Bretagne, Moutarde des Allemands, Cran de Bretagne. 
German, Der Gewbhnliche Meerrettig. 
The long rough snail-eaten leaves of the Horseradish are not uncommonly seen 
on the banks of our rivers, but it is somewhat doubtful whether the plant is a native 
of our island, or has escaped from some of the gardens where it is so commonly 
grown as a condiment to our national dish roast-beef. From ancient times it seems 
* The Plate is E. B. 2323. + I have never seen mature seeds. 
