THE FROG. 59 
Pennsylvania, December 1 to November 1. 
Ohio, December 5 to November 15. 
Indiana, January 1 to November 10. 
Illinois, December 20 to November 10. 
Minnesota, December 1 to October 1. 
Iowa, December 15 to November 1. 
Missouri, January 1 to November 1. 
Nebraska, December 1 to November 15. 
Kansas, December 15 to November 15, with some exceptions where the close 
season extends to March 11, 1908.¢ 
Oklahoma, February 1 to October 15. 
Texas, February 1 to November 1. 
The breeding season from latitude 38° northward to Canada begins 
in May, and continues through July and occasionally into September 
or even October. A young bird just from the nest was taken in 
Wayne County, Ohio, September 5, 1887.2 There are probably two, 
and southward three, broods each season, and, while rather prolific, the 
quails are kept well reduced in numbers, at times to the verge of exter- 
mination over considerable sections of country. They are hunted 
incessantly and slaughtered without consideration, except for gain. 
Some also are killed by flying against electric wires, while entire 
coveys are sometimes smothered or frozen under the snow. As a 
result, the helpfulness of the quail against chinch bugs is greatly 
diminished. 
OTHER BIRD ENEMIES OF THE CHINCH BUG. 
Among the other bird enemies of the chinch bug are the prairie 
chicken, redwing blackbird, catbird, brown thrush, meadowlark, 
house wren, tree swallow, and horned lark, but there is little doubt 
that in seasons when the chinch bug is excessively abundant the com- 
paratively few eaten by all of these birds is insufficient to reduce the 
numbers of the pest to any extent. 
THE FROG. 
Dr. Cyrus Thomas quotes Professor Ross and others as stating that 
the common frog is an enemy of the chinch bug. While this is prob- 
ably true, it is nevertheless well known that comparatively few frogs 
frequent grain fields as a rule, and thus the benefit derived from their 
attacks is of too little importance to merit further notice. 
@In Rawlins County, under restrictions, November i to January 1. 
vA preliminary List of the Birds of Wayne County, Ohio, by Harry C. Ober- 
holser. Bul. Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta., Tech. Ser., Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 270. 
