32 MEETING OF INSPECTORS OF APIARIES. 
processes are seen to shoot out from these masses, which may extend through 
the gelatin for long distances from the track, being thickened at yarious parts 
and clubbed at the ends. These processes do not appear to join one another at 
their ends. A very beautiful and characteristic appearance is got where very 
few bacilli are introduced with the needle and where, therefore, at various parts 
of the track, more especially at the lower part, individual bacilli or groups of 
bacilli are planted at a considerable distance from each other. In a few days 
minute round whitish specks become visible to the naked eye. These increase in 
size till in about ten days shoots begin to appear. These radiate from the 
central mass in all directions and become nodular at various parts, as described 
above. When such a cultivation is old, the white branches disappear, and only 
little whitish collections of bacilli are seen at various parts. On examining such 
a tube with the pocket lens, however, numerous watery-looking tracts are seen 
running through the gelatin from the central mass to the whitish collections. 
The gelatin at the upper part of the track generally evaporates, to some extent 
giving rise to the air-bubble appearance so characteristic of the cholear bacillus. 
These are the appearances seen where the material contains gelatin in the pro- 
portion of 10 per cent. Where less gelatin is present, the naked eye appearances, 
while possessing the same characteristics, are somewhat different. The shoots 
are much more numerous and appear much more rapidly, giving rise to a 
haziness around the middle track, which with the pocket lens is seen to consist 
of numerous delicate branches clubbed at the ends, as in the former case. I 
think the amount of pepton present also makes a difference in the appearance, 
though of this point I am not yet absolutely certain. The most characteristic 
growth is, however, obtained when the material contains 3 per cent pepton as 
well as 10 per cent gelatin, the shoots being then less numerous and much 
coarser. And I can easily understand that this would be the case, for the bacilli 
would have a large supply of nutriment in their immediate vicinity without the 
necessity of having, so to speak, to spread out through the gelatin in search of 
food as may be the case where no pepton, or only a small amount, is present. 
This appearance is quite characteristic of this bacillus and is not seen in the 
cultivation of any other organism that I know of. The bacilli of anthrax and 
of mouse septicemia also spread out from the needle track, but the appearance 
of their cultivation is quite different. In anthrax delicate threads, not clubbed, 
shoot out from the track, soon anastomosing with other threads and forming a 
delicate network throughout the gelatin. In mouse septiczemia the appearance 
is that of a delicate cloudiness spreading through the gelatin. These foul-brood 
bacilli, growing in this material, render it liquid after a time, the liquefaction 
beginning at the surface and only spreading slowly downwards, but ultimately the 
whole tube becomes liquid. After two or three weeks’ growth the appearance 
presented by the tube is that of a layer of liquid at the upper part, and the 
growth along the needle track with the other appearances described at the 
lower part. The liquid portion is clear, except at the bottom of the liquid. where 
there is a loose white flocculent deposit of bacilli, and on the surface there may 
be a very thin scum. The liquid becomes yellowish in colour after a time and 
gives off an odor of stale but not ammoniacal urine, or what may be better 
described as a shrimpy smell. This yellowish colour and the peculiar odour 
have been found by Mr. Cheshire to be distinctive of the diseased larve. 
(b) If gelatin be poured out on a plate, allowed to solidify, and then stroked 
with an infected needle, we learn the explanation of the appearances seen jn the 
test-tube cultivations. The bacilli at first grow along the needle track, but very 
soon they are seen to be collecting at parts forming pointed processes. From 
the processes the bacilli grow out into the gelatin, often a single series of rods, 
in Indian file, or two or three rods side by side. These processes are not quite 
