+4 MEETING OF INSPECTORS OF APIARIES. 
shape, becomes elongated, and is soon seen to burst through the spore capsule. 
It then presents the appearance of a short rod, with a pale envelope embracing 
one end. The rod gradually leaves the spore capsule, and then goes on multi- 
plying as a full-grown bacillus. According to Hisenberg (Bakteriologische 
Diagnostik, Hamburg, 1891, p. 298) the spores are decolorized by the tubercle 
bacilli stain, but preparations may be obtained by using the Ziehl-Neilsen stain 
and alcohol for decolorization. The spores also stain by the method of Neisser. 
Polymorphism.—Variations in size and shape may be brought about by growth 
in acid media, or in media containing different sugars. These variations occur 
also in the same culture, subjected to exactly similar conditions of growth. 
Involution forms.—Abnormal forms are especially abundant when the bacillus 
is grown on blood serum; peculiar Y-like forms and clubbed shapes are of 
common occurrence, and relatively few spores are found. 
BIOLOGICAL’ CHARACTERS. 
Bowillon— ‘In meat infusion at the temperature of the body they grow 
rapidly, causing muddiness and, after a few days, a slight but not tenacious 
scum” (Cheshire and W. Cheyne). In bouillon, with a reaction of + 0.08 
(Report of Convention of American Bacteriologists, Journal American Public 
Health Association, Vol. XXIII, 1898), at 87° C., there is a slight turbidity in 
fourteen hours, especially noticeable when the tube is shaken. In twenty-four 
hours, the liquid is uniformly turbid, with a very fine sediment. In forty- 
eight hours the turbidity increases and a pellicle commences to form. Reaction 
of the culture at this time, +0.07. After ninety-six hours the broth is clear, 
with a pellicle, white, rather massive, and somewhat tenacious. There is also 
much sediment. Reaction, after ten days’ growth, neutral. 
Glycerine bouillon.—Media with original reaction of +0.08. At 37° C. the 
bouillon becomes slightly turbid in twelve hours and quite turbid in twenty-four, 
with a fine,- whitish pellicle on surface, which does not extend to the sides of 
the tube. If the culture is shaken, the pellicle deposits in flaky masses. The 
reaction is +1.2. In thirty-six hours the turbidity clears, leaving the media 
bright, with a smooth, thin, tenacious, and white pellicle on the surface. In 
many cases the pellice becomes very wrinkled and greasy looking. At the end 
of eight days the reaction is +2.2, and the bouillon is several shades darker in 
color, but quite clear. The reaction after fourteen day’s growth is +4.2. At 
22° CG. the same changes occur, but growth is slower. The bacilli are relatively 
less numerous than in bouillon and are slightly shorter and thicker. 
Glucose bouillon.—With a reaction of +2, at 37° C., the broth is more turbid 
than plain bouillon after fourteen hours’ growth; and in twenty-four hours the 
sediment is heavy and turbidity very marked, but no pellicle. In forty-eight 
hours the media is opaque and cloudy, and the pellicle is beginning to form. In 
ninety-six hours the broth is less cloudy, but the sediment is heavier, and a 
white, thick pellicle is formed. -It is often wrinkled, but not quite so much so as 
that on the glycerine broth. Reaction of broth after ten days’ growth, + 4.6. 
The bacilli are occasionally clubbed, and Y-like forms may occur. They average 
5 w in length and may be slightly curved. 
Lactose bouillon.—With a reaction of +1.06, at 87° C., the growth resembles 
that of plain bouillon for the first twenty-four hours; but at the end of forty- 
eight hours, itis more turbid. In ninety-six hours, a tenacious pellicle forms, less 
massive than that on glucose broth. Reaction after ten days’ growth, +2.4. The 
bacilli average 3.5 uw in length. 
Saccharose bouillon.—With a reaction of +1, at 37° C., the turbidity and 
sediment are heavier than any of the other bouillons. In forty-eight hours the 
