52 MEETING OF INSPECTORS OF APIARIES. 
then, they were working with the foul brood of Cheshire and Cheyne 
(iropean foul brood). In a second short paper by Doctér White 
a brief note is given concerning some work done on the “ ropy type ” 
of foul brood. He recognized that he was dealing with a disease the 
cause of which had not been described and the disease is called for 
the time “ X brood” and the bacillus, Bacillus X. The final results 
of the investigation appear in Technical Series, No. 14, Bureau of 
Entomology, under the title “The Bacteria of the Apiary, with 
Special Reference to Bee Diseases.” Doctor White’s description of 
Bacillus larve is as follows: 
3ACILLUS LARVAE. 
Occurrence.—Constantly present in diseased brood from colonies affected with 
American foul brood. 
Gelatin.—There is no growth. 
Morphology.—Ilt is a slender rod, having a tendency to form in chains. This 
is especially true when grown in bee-larve bouillon. 
Motility —-Vhe bacillus is rather sluggishly motile. 
Spores.—Spore formation takes place. This can be observed best in the dif- 
ferent stages of the disease and decay of the larvie. 
Oxygen requirements.—When Liborius’s method is used, the best growth 
usually appears near to but not on the surface. After a few generations a 
surface growth may be obtained. 
Bowillon.—There is no growth. 
Glucose bouillon—There is no growth. 
Lactose.—There is no growth. 
Saccharose.—There is no growth. 
Agar plate.—There is no growth. 
Bec-larve agar.—The inoculations must be made with the medium liquefied. 
The growth takes place near to but rarely on the surface. Cultures must pass 
through a few generations before a satisfactory surface growth can be secured. 
Bee-larve agar slant.—On the surface of this medium a thin, gray, nonviscid 
growth takes place. 
Glucose agar.—Slight growth has been observed in the medium. No gas is 
produced. 
Potato.—There is no growth. 
Milk.—There is no growth. 
Litmus milk.—There is no growth. 
Fermentation—In bee-larve bouillon no gas is produced. 
Indol.—There is no growth in sugar-free bouillon. 
To summarize, then, Bacillus alvet is found universally in Euro- 
pean foul brood; Bacillus larve in American foul brood. No specific 
micro-organisms have been found for the so-called pickle brood or 
paralysis. Knowledge of the two werst brood diseases is accurate 
enough to enable us to combat them by applying principles acquired 
by comparison with results of work with other micro-organisms. 
That our knowledge is complete is far from true. Not only is 
there much to be learned which is of purely scientific interest, but 
points of the highest practical importance are yet undetermined. 
