GEGGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. 538 
[ Nore.—Several other papers of importance have been issued on 
this subject which were not discussed at the Inspectors” meeting. 
They, however, have an important bearing on this subject. Lambotte 
decided that Bacillus mesentericus vulgatus causes “ foul brood,” or, 
in other words, that Bacillus alvei is but a variety of Bacillus mesen- 
tericus. His work, however, is far from convincing. The principal 
point of interest in this regard i is that he had oreat difficulty in get- 
ting a growth from the ropy type of foul brood (American foul 
brood ) on ordinary media. Burri in 1904 published an account of 
his work and found Bacillus alvei in a few specimens from Switzer- 
land (indicating that European foul brood is found there), but 
found another organism which grows with difficulty; the latter is 
undescribed and unnamed, and it is possible and probable that he 
worked with Bacillus larve White. Maassen (1906) found the same 
difficulty, isolating Bacillus alvei in only 13 specimens of diseased 
brood out of 112 received. He, too, found an organism which could 
be made to grow on ordinary media only with difficulty and called by 
him Bacillus brandenburgiensis. It is undescribed, so far as is known 
to the writer. He also claims to have found another organism, Sp7- 
vochwte apis Maassen, but has not established any causal relationship. 
These papers all tend to confirm the work of Doctor White. Baci- 
us alvet is not found in the ordinary ropy type of “ foul brood,” but 
another organism is; this is probably the Bacillus larve of Doctor 
White. 
In the face of all these facts several prominent bee men of Eng- 
land are attempting to discredit all this work, the criticism, so far as 
is known to the writer, being based entirely on comparisons of ltera- 
ture and on an entire lack of investigation. They have, further, mis- 
read the papers issued by the Department of Agriculture on this sub- 
ject. It seems entirely unnecessary, therefore, to review the criticism 
in detail.—E. F. P.] 
EXISTENCE OF BOTH AMERICAN FOUL BROOD AND EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD 
IN THE SAME COLONY. 
Mr. Arcuitry. Do you think that both diseases, American foul 
brood and European foul brood, could exist in the same colony ? 
Doctor Puitiips. Reports are sometimes received that a colony is 
infected with both diseases at the same time, but this is contrary to 
the experience of those persons most conversant with these conditions. 
While it may be possible for a colony to have the infection of both 
diseases at the same time, it is not by any means the rule, and such 
cases are probably not authentically reported. 
Both diseases are found in New York State. The inspectors have 
to treat both diseases and they treat both in the same way, but they 
have never found both diseases in the same colony. 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF AMERICAN FOUL BROOD. 
Mr. Dapanv. Is not the American foul brood spread more over the 
world? 
Doctor Puimurrs. It would seem so from the literature. It is 
found in almost every State of the Union, while European foul brood 
