GENERAL RANGE OF SPECIES AND RACES. 35 
the record to a brief description of the different broods and merely 
noting the distribution by States and counties. The data for these 
summaries is the rather full account given in Bulletin 8, old series, of 
the Division of Entomology, supplemented, however, by the local 
studies made by entomologists and others in various States, and par- 
‘ticularly the voluminous records obtained by this Bureau, collated 
and classified up to 1898 by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, who had long assisted 
Professor Riley in collecting such data. Since 1898 this field of 
inquiry has been under the charge of the writer, and a very thorough- 
going effort has been made to get full and accurate data of the 
broods which have appeared from year to year. The records for the 
important 13-year Brood XXIII, which appeared in 1898, in conjunc- 
tion with the 17-year Brood VI, and of Brood X, the largest of all 
the 17-year broods, which appeared in 1902, were especially complete 
and satisfactory, and are summarized under the accounts of these 
broods. Particularly in later years, much exact information as to 
local distribution has come from the active cooperation of State 
entomologists, who have often been able to get more detailed and 
accurate reports than was possible through the correspondents of this 
office. The scant records, indicating perhaps scattering or incipient 
broods, covering some of the blanks in the 13 and 17 year series, are 
introduced in their proper order for future confirmation or rejection. 
The records obtained by the Department of Agriculture, covering 
nearly thirty years, have become very voluminous, and during the 
last few years an effort has been made to go over all of these records 
and transfer the important information to index cards, and all the 
later records are being kept on such cards. It is expected also, as 
time offers, to incorporate in this record all the data from experi- 
ment station bulletins and other printed records. Ultimately, there- 
fore, we shall have a classified card record which will be easily avail- 
able for examination and study and which will assist greatly in estab- 
lishing brood limits and determining the status of new reports. 
THE GENERAL RANGE OF THE SPECIES AND OF THE TWO RACES. 
Taking all the different broods together, this Cicada is known to 
occur pretty generally within the United States east of the one 
hundredth meridian and northward of latitude 30°—in other words, 
east of central Kansas and north of northern Florida. No broods 
have been found in northern New England except a doubtful record 
in Vermont, nor west of the Mississippi above Iowa. The State of 
Rhode Island, in which the Cicada was long believed to be absent, 
proved to harbor a small brood, as discovered in 1903 (Brood XI). 
The most eastward occurrences are the swarms occurring in Barn- 
stable County, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and on the island of Marthas 
Vineyard. No colonies have been found on the peninsula of Florida, 
