THE MOUTH PARTS, OR BEAK. 79 
short, thread-like antenneze projecting between the compound eyes. 
Viewed from beneath, the triangular prolongation of the head into 
the three-jointed beak it to be noted; the legs, not especially large 
or strong except for the anterior femora, which are much thickened; 
in the female the complex instrument for the deposition of eggs pro- 
jecting from a fissure or slit in the lower surface of the abdomen, and 
the blunter abdomen of the male without the fissure beneath, but 
with two large ventral plates at the base of the abdomen covering 
the sounding disks of the vocal apparatus. The latter is located on 
either side of the base of the abdomen and appears as two inflated 
ribbed drums of lighter color than the general body surface. 
Fig. 32.—Head of Cicaga, front view, showing the normal position of mouth parts on the left, and 
with the mandible and maxilla drawn out on the right. For description, see fig. 33. (Author’s 
illustration.) 
The structure and workings of the more important organs, namely, 
the beak, the ovipositor, and the vocal apparatus, follow in some 
detail. 
THE MOUTH PARTS, OR BEAK. 
In the order of insects to which the periodical Cicada belongs 
it is possible to trace all the essential parts, though vastly modified, 
found in the mouth of true biting insects, namely, the upper lip 
(labrum), the main pair of jaws (mandibles), the second, or lower, 
pair of jaws (maxille), and, beneath, the lower lip (abium). Within 
also are the two tongues, one projecting from the roof of the mouth 
