TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF STAGES. 119 
the second, the two following are subequal and sborter than the first, 
the fifth is shorter than the fourth, and the sixth and seventh are 
subequal and shorter than the fifth, the last tapering regularly from 
the apex, which is armed with curved spines, one long and one short. 
The terminal three joints form something of a club tip. During this 
stage the larva increases in length to more than 3 mm. and the abdo- 
men swells and becomes more robust. Thelength of the hard chiti- 
nous parts remain, however, unchanged, as follows: Anterior femora, 
0.27 mm.; anterior tibiz, 0.30 mm.; hind tibiz, 0.33 mm. 
This stage lasts more than a year, the first molt usually occurring 
during the second year after hatching. (See fig. 47.) 
Second larval stage—The average length of the larva in this stage is 
about 4mm. The more horny parts now measure: Anterior femora, 
0.50 mm.; anterior tibix, 0.55 mm.; hind tibia, 0.80 mm. The 
general appearance is unchanged from the later development in the 
preceding stage. The eye-spots are still present, though reduced. 
The under surface of the head is armed with some rather long hairs, 
and a very regular row of minute spines occurs on the anterior face 
of the hind and the middle femora. 
The prominent apical tibial spur of 
the middle and the hind pair ap- 
pears with this molt, bemg previ- 
ously represented, if at all, by a sim- 
ple spine. The third joint of the 
now distinctly elbowed antennz is Fic. 48.—Second larval stage: a, anterior leg, 
as long as the second, and the three tee he ia ena bec ane 
terminal joints are rather more com- 
pressed into a club-like tip than in the first stage. The chief charac- 
teristics of this second stage, however, are in the anterior legs (fig. 
48). The femora now possess a rudimentary comb of three teeth, the 
upper tooth being very broad and projecting beyond the two suc- 
ceeding sharp ones, of which the lower is the larger. The central 
tooth of the femora, which was rather minute, or, more properly, a 
mere spine in the first stage, is now very much larger and broadened 
at the base into a prominent triangular projection. The tarsus is 
reduced to a horny rudiment about three times as long as wide, and 
is closely applied to the inner surface of the tibial ‘“‘jaw” which 
extends twice the length of the tarsus beyond the latter. 
This stage, as already stated, is assumed during the first two or 
three months of the second year of the insect’s existence and lasts 
nearly two years. 
Third larval stage —Length, 6 to 8 mm.; anterior femora, 1.20 mm.; 
anterior tibiz, 1.35 mm.; hind tibiew, 1.85 mm. Eye-spots still more 
reduced; numerous parallel rows of short hairs on the head are notice- 
