TECHNICAL DESORIPTION OF STAGES. {All 
First pupal stage—Length in the early condition of this stage about 
17 mm.; anterior femora, 3.30 mm.; anterior tibiz, 3.60 mm.; hind 
tibiz, 5.80 mm.; width of head, 6 mm. LEye-spots entirely wanting; 
eye prominences well developed, as in later pupal stages. Wing cases 
extend to the tip of the third segment. Third antennal joint one- 
third longer than second, fourth as long as second, others decreasing 
in length. The anterior tarsi reappear perfectly developed, and are 
nearly as long as the tibizw, and are folded along the inner face of the 
latter; the first joint is very minute, and the second or last very long— 
longer than the middle or posterior pairs—and armed with two curved 
claws at the tip, of which one is rather longer than the other. Femoral 
comb with an additional tooth, a very minute one being distinctly 
separated from the large blunt 
upper tooth. The anterior 
tibiz have within the large 
blunt subapical tooth, which 
has occurred all along hitherto, 
two minute saw-teeth instead 
of the one present in the pre- 
ceding stage (fig. 51). The 
hairs of the legs and body are 
arranged as hitherto, but are 
rather more numerous and 
longer, and this is particularly 
true of the anterior limbs. 
The sexual characters which 
have been foreshadowed in the. 
two later larval stages are now 
distinctly defined. 
Second pupal stage-—This 
stage does not present any Fic. 51.—First pupal stage: a, anteriorleg, inner face, 
differences from the last except showing tarsus bent Deck aeatust the tibia; b, 
e same, outer face. (Author’s illustration.) 
in the greater size of the speci- 
mens, which is noticeable in the relative dimensions of the parts 
hitherto measured for comparison. The length of the adult pupa 
varies from 27 mm. in the case of the males. to about 35 mm. in the 
case of the larger females. The adult pupa of the male presents the 
following length of the parts referred to: Anterior femora, 3.80 mm.; 
anterior tibiw, 4.30 mm.; hind tibiw, 6.70 mm.; width of head, 6.70 
mm. In the case of the female: Anterior femora, 4.20 mm.; anterior 
tibie, 5 mm.; hind tibiw, 7.50 mm.; width of head, 7.50 mm. The 
anterior tarsus in all unearthed specimens is folded closely back 
against the face of the tibia, but in all aerial specimens is unfolded 
and projects forward to be of service in climbing. 
