30 NORTH AMERICAN FEVER TICK AND OTHER SPECIES. 
the steer and confined to limited area by means of vaccination 
shields. In no case under this manipulation did reattachment take 
place. Recently, however, a tick removed just before the second 
molt became adult in a pill box and reattached after 25 hours. 
ADULT STAGE. 
Adult females are the ticks that are generally seen, and their 
appearance is familiar to most persons. The males (which do not 
become engorged) are generally overlooked, although they may be 
easily found’ attached to the skin of the host directly beneath the 
females. This gives rise to a rather prevalent popular idea that 
females carry young with them. 
The following descriptions are taken from the work of Salmon and 
Stiles: 7 ; 
Male.—Body oval, narrowed on front, broadest (1.3 mm.) at stigmal plane, 2.15 to 
2.35 mm. long. Scutum reddish brown, covering entire dorsal surface, prolonged in 
front by two pairs of projections—one pair of more prominent dorso-lateral projections, 
dorsal of anterior projection of coxee I, and one pair somewhat less prominent and 
more median, ventro-median of first pair and nearer the neck. Two cervical furrows 
shallow, extending more or less distinctly to the posterior border; may be somewhat 
interrupted in the middle; a median furrow present in posterior half, may be very 
indistinct; posterior margin of body divided into festoons, which may be only slightly. 
marked. Relatively large circular pores, with extruding short bristly hairs, scattered 
over entire surface. Eyes small and pale, often problematic, at I intercoxal space. 
Ventral surface lighter than dorsal, all portions provided with short stout hairs; geni- 
tal pore, broad, transverse, between coxze II; anus slightly posterior of stigmal plane; 
two pairs of anal plates (clypei): one pair elongate, rectangular to triangular, close to 
anus, in some cases extending cephalad to middle of coxee IV, and caudad to near or 
beyond posterior margin, the anus being about at the middle of the length, in other 
cases extending from height of middle of stigmal area to beyond posterior margin of 
body; the median border longer than lateral border, the former prolonged into a point 
posteriorly, the postero-lateral margin may be nearly straight, or somewhat curved, or 
irregular in outline, thus presenting broad tooth-like projections; lateral and contigu- 
ous to each of these shields is found another shield somewhat similar in form, but 
smaller in size. Median caudal appendage absent. Capitulum 450 to 500 long, base ~ 
similar to that of the female, but a little straighter, longer, more salient in front of 
dorsal shield, into which it penetrates by a sort of rectangular neck, lateral projec- 
tions not very prominent. Mandibles 600 long, digit about 90”; internal apophysis 
with straight base and broad bifide point; external apophysis bidentate, the terminal 
subventral tooth may be very small while the proximal tooth is strong and large, or 
both may be large. Hypostome similar to that of female, four distinct rows of teeth on 
each half. ‘Palpi about 190 long, similar to those of female. Legs strong; coxe large, 
those on each side contiguous, as broad as long; coxze I triangular, apex may be pro- 
longed anteriorly beyond the corresponding anterior point of dorsal shield, reaching 
anterior angle of base of capitulum, or may be very short, base posterior and more or 
less distinctly bidentate, the teeth short, often slightly pronounced, or quite promi- 
nent, the lateral tooth in some cases prolonged into a well-marked spine. Tarsi like 
those of female. 
a‘ The cattle ticks (Ixodoidea) of the United States: 17th Ann. Rept. Bur. Animal 
Industry, U. 8. Dept. Agric., pp. 420-424, 1901. 
