longitudinal series; the lateral tubercles confluent into two thick 

 dorsolateral, warty ridges; no parotoids; lower parts granular. 



Almost black above; a greyish brown, irregularly oval spot, 

 with pink tubercles, on the back; beneath lighter, with some 

 yellowish white marblings ; limbs with some light red spots 

 or narrow bars. From snout to vent 41 mm. 



Habitat: Borneo (Mt. Kina Balu). 



9. Bufo melanostictus Schneid. 



Bufo melanostictus Schneider, Hist. Amph., I, Jena, 1799, p. 216. 



Bufo scabcr (Daud.), Schlegel, Abbild. neuer oder unvollst. bek. Amph., Diissel- 



dorf, 1837—44, p. 64, pi. XX, fig. 2. 

 Bufo melanostictus Boulenger, Cat. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 306. 

 Bufo melanostictus Flower, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1896, p. 911, pi. XLIV, 



fig. 3 (tadpole). 

 Bufo melanostictus Stejneger, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., LVIII, 1907, p. 72, figs. 58 — 61. 

 Bufo melanostictus Boulenger, Vert. Fauna Malay Penins., Kept, and Batr., 



London, 1912, p. 272, with fig. 



Habit stout. Head broader than long, with a canthal, a 

 praeorbital, a supraorbital, a postorbital, and a short and narrow 

 supra-tympanic bony ridge; snout shorter than the upper 

 eyelid, deeper than long; canthus rostralis angular; loreal region 

 little oblique, nearly flat; nostril nearer tip of snout than eye; 

 interorbital space broader than the upper eyelid ; tympanum 

 close to the eye, very distinct, more than half the diameter 

 of the eye. Tips of fingers and toes blunt; first finger usually 

 extending beyond second, which is shorter than fourth; third 

 toe longer than fifth ; toes about half webbed, the three distal 

 phalanges of the fourth one free; subarticular tubercles very 

 small, single; a moderate, elliptic inner and a smaller outer 

 metatarsal tubercle ; no tarsal fold ; the heel reaches the shoulder, 

 the tarso-metatarsal articulation the tympanum or the eye. 



Upper parts with more or less prominent, often spiny warts 

 of various sizes; upper surface of head nearly smooth; paro- 

 toids very large, reniform or elliptical, more or less elongate; 

 granular beneath. 



Brown or yellowish brown above, sometimes with carmine- 

 coloured spots, the tips of the warts and the ridges of the 

 head usually black; beneath yellowish, immaculate or more 

 or less spotted with brown. From snout to vent 116 mm. 



Male with a subgular vocal sac, and in the breeding season 

 with black nuptial excrescences on the two inner fingers. 



