95 



Firmisternia. 



Epicoracoid cartilages firmly united in the median line. 



5. Fam. Brevicipitidae. 

 ( Engystomatidae). 



Diapophyses of the sacral vertebra distinctly dilated. Terminal 

 phalanges of fingers and toes simple or T-shaped. 



Omosternum rudimentary or none; sternum cartilaginous '); 

 procoracoids and clavicles usually reduced or absent. Verte- 

 brae procoelous. No ribs. Os coccygis usually articulating by 

 two condyles. 



Distribution: America ; Africa ; S.- and E.-Asia, including 

 the entire Indo-Australian Archipelago; N.-Queensland. 



1. Dyscophinae. 



Upper jaw toothed, lower one toothless. 

 Distribution: Madagascar; India; Sumatra; Borneo. 



Synopsis of the Genera. 



A. Clavicles present. Pupil horizontal 1. Dyscophina p. 95. 



B. Clavicles absent. 



I. Pupil vertical. Tongue forming a plicate pouch behind. 2. Colpoglossus p. 97. 

 II. Pupil round (or horizontal ?). Tongue not forming 



a pocket 3. Calligluius p. 98. 



I. Dyscophina v. Kamp. 



(v. Kampen, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XXII, 1905, p. 708). 



Pupil horizontally elliptic, almost circular. Tongue entire 

 and free behind, not forming a pocket. Palatine teeth in two long, 

 somewhat oblique series behind the choanae, close to each 

 other. Two smooth transverse dermal ridges across the palate, 

 in front of the pharynx. Tympanum hidden. Fingers free, 

 toes webbed ; tips of fingers and toes slightly dilated. Outer 

 metatarsals united. 



No procoracoids; clavicles feeble. Omosternum rudimentary; 

 sternum large, cartilaginous, partly calcified. Terminal phalanges 

 club-shaped. 



Distribution: Sumatra. 



1) After Boettger there should be an osseous sternum in Cophixalus geislerorunt. 



