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THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL 



saurus. These form the group of the 

 Dinocephalians and of these there are a 

 number of nearly complete skeletons in 

 the Broom Collection — the only dino- 

 cephalian skeletons at present known. 

 Moschops is a heavily-built form with 

 powerful walking limbs and relatively 

 small head. Another much larger form 

 called Tapinocephalus is represented by 

 the fore limbs and the shoulder girdles. 

 It might be supposed that Tapinocepha- 

 lus and Pareiasaurus were much too 

 large to have been troubled with enemies 



In the shales at Beaufort West we have 

 representatives of the fauna that proba- 

 bly lived a quarter of a million years later 

 than Pareiasaurus. The large herbi- 

 vores we now meet with are the Endo- 

 thiodons [illustrated in the December, 

 1913, Journal], and with them are 

 abundant representatives of the small 

 Dicynodons. Like Pareiasaurus these 

 later forms are heavily-built slow-moving 

 forms which possibly for protection also 

 dug their way into the muddy banks. 

 They fed on the vegetation that flour- 



Front view of the skulls, Endothiodon uniserie; 

 difference in the mode of closing of the beaks 



but we have reason to believe that like 

 most later herbivorous forms there were 

 carnivores that preyed upon them. 

 They are at present however very im- 

 perfectly known. One called Tiiano- 

 suchus is known by part of the jaws and 

 was certainly large enough to have killed 

 and devoured even the mighty Pareia- 

 saurus and Tapinocephalus. With these 

 giant forms there are a number of 

 small carnivores, and the beginnings of 

 the tortoise-beaked mammal-like reptiles 

 which are better known in the later beds. 



Owen and Dicynodon mosc/iops Broom, to show the 



ished at the sides of the rivers and on the 

 inundated plains. Dicynodon resembled 

 Endothiodon in many ways but differed 

 in having in the male a pair of tusks. 

 The small Dicynodons must have been 

 very abundant as in many places num- 

 erous skulls can be picked up but curi- 

 ously enough complete skeletons are rare. 

 Often two or three skulls are found to- 

 gether in the shale without any other 

 bones of the skeleton being near and 

 isolated limb bones and vertebrse may 

 be picked up in the deposit. The reason 



