THE DAWN MAN OF PILTDOWN 



197 



canine tooth and by the imperfect right 

 half of the lower jaw, the remaining pieces 



presumably having been destroyed by 

 the workmen in taking out the gravel. 



Fig. 9. Projections of the brain-case as seen 

 from the rear, as reconstructed by Professors 

 Smith Woodward (A), Elliot Smith (B), and 

 Keith (C) 



Did the Piltdown man have a very 

 large brain case? 



We come now to the most contro- 

 versial part of the whole subject. Did 

 the Piltdown man have a small brain- 

 case as in Dr. Smith Woodward's re- 

 construction (Fig. 9 A), or a very large 

 one as in Professor Keith's reconstruc- 

 tion (Fig. 9 C), or one of intermediate 

 type as in the drawing published by 

 Professor Elliot Smith (Fig. 9 B)? Un- 

 fortunately several pieces of critical 

 importance are missing from the middle 

 of the skull-top and this has made 

 possible the markedly different results 

 of Smith Woodward and Keith. For if 

 the remaining pieces of the skull-top are 

 placed close together as by Dr. Wood- 

 ward, the brain will be a very small one, 

 estimated at 1070 cubic centimeters 

 capacity, while if these same pieces be 

 tilted upward and moved further apart 

 as by Professor Keith, the brain capacity 

 will be as large as in many modern men, 

 namely 1500 cubic centimeters. The 

 subject is an exceedingly difficult one, 

 as the writer has learned to his cost, 

 after long eiforts to assemble the casts 

 of the separate pieces in their natural 

 positions. It may be briefly stated 

 that the writer inclines to the recon- 

 struction offered by Dr. Elliot Smith 

 (Fig. 9, C) which avoids the extreme 

 asymmetry of the opposite halves of the 

 l)rain-case noticeable in Dr. Woodward's 

 reconstruction, and gives more space at 

 the top for the ends of the meningeal 

 vessels. Dr. Elliot Smith has also dis- 

 covered certain marks on the inner sur- 

 face of the frontal bone which appear to 

 settle the vexed question of the location 

 of the median plane. 



