TIMBERS. 47t 
This timber is hard, tough, and durable, very lasting under- 
ground, and of a red colour. It is used for fencing, rough 
buildings, and sleepers, also for shafts, poles, and cogs. It is 
more easily worked than the generality of Ironbarks. The large 
trees are frequently hollow and decayed at heart. Diameter, 24 to 
36in. ; height, 100 to 12oft. 
South Australia, round Eastern Australia to the Gulf of 
Carpentaria. 
285. Eucalyptus leucoxylon, 7.v.17., (Syn. 2. sideroxylon, A. 
Cunn.), (see p. 473); N.O., Myrtacez, B.FI., iii., 209. 
Common “Ironbark.” It is occasionally known as “ Black Ironbark,” 
and from Sydney to the Blue Mountains as ‘‘ Red Ironbark,” or ‘ Red- 
flowering Ironbark” (Z. sideroxylon). In the neighbourhood of Twofold 
Bay (New South Wales) it is called ‘“‘ Black Mountain Ash.” In South 
Australia it has the following names:—‘‘ White Gum,” ‘ Blue Gum,” 
“‘ Bastard Blue Gum,” “Scribbly Blue Gum.” It occasionally boasts the 
ridiculous name of ‘‘ Fat Cake.’’ By the aboriginals of Gippsland it is 
known as “ Yerrick.’” It was called ‘“‘ Easip”’ by the aboriginals of the 
Yarra (Victoria). 
Important Note.—E. leucoxylon, F.v.M. The “ Blue or 
White Gum ”’ of South Australia and Victoria is a gum-tree with 
smooth bark and light-coloured wood (hence the specific name). 
The flowers and fruit of Z. leucoxylon (compare figure in Brown’s 
Forest Flora of South Australia) are very similar to those of £. 
sideroxylon, and in this way two trees have been placed under one 
name which are really quite distinct. Baron Mueller points out 
(Eucalyptographia) that there are two well-marked varieties of Z. 
leucoxylon in Victoria. That known as “ White Gum”’ has the 
greater portion of the stem pale and smooth through the outer 
layers of the bark falling off. The variety known chiefly as the 
“Victorian Ironbark,’ and mostly growing on stony ridges or 
mountains of the lower Silurian sandstone and slate formation, 
retains the whole bark on the stem, it thus becoming deeply 
fissured and furrowed, and very hard and dark coloured. But 
this rugged-barked variety must not be confused with the ‘ Red- 
flowering Ironbark” (£. stderoxylon) of New South Wales. The 
individual Victorian trees with rugged bark round the butt are 
probably few, and a mere variety. 
