430 BACILLARIA 



Bacillaria first appear as a sphère of protoplasm which 

 is not known as a Bacillarian, by a monad which was first 

 called an animal. That is to say the first organism that 

 appears is an Amœba without any investing membrane, 

 but is a mass of protoplasm, that is ail as soon as it dif- 

 ferentiates, as it does very soon, it forms a shell, which 

 is cellulose, hard. It was known as Protococcus nivalis. 

 Then it was placed in the vegetable kingdom when king- 

 doms reigned. But now they as phyllums or phylla. Then it 

 was free and]moved|stoutly about with a so called an amse- 

 boid motion. At last as if tired of living free it came to a 

 stop and fixed itself to any submerged object, sticks or 

 stones. It was then detected by a German botanist named 

 0. F. MûUer who described and figured it as a plant un- 

 der the name of Trochiscia moniliformis . It grew by 

 subdivision, for growing was its duty now, until at some- 

 time it had to make young. And again it formed Amœ- 

 bœ and organisms like the Protococcus nivalis. As it grew 

 when it was Trochiscia moniliformis; it formed stems, 

 which were made up of hardened cellulose. And at the 

 same time it grew by subdivision, and a long chain resul- 

 ted. Now sometimes it was Trochiscia moniliformis and 

 sometimes Melosira nummuloides which grew in brackish 

 water and sometimes in fresh water as Melosira varians. 

 This was called by Roth Gonferva hyemalis. But names 

 mean nothing. They only mean that the observer sees 

 différent things without knowing what others see and na- 

 me, and in the chain s of Melosira varians appeared larger 

 or swelled individuals or frustules, as they were called, 

 which were seed vessels or « gonidia » . And in them had 

 been seen the breaking up of the cell-contents into seeds 

 or spores, which go through the same course of develop- 

 menl that the original Bacillarian does. 



