Pomona College Journal op Entomology 803 



On the 27th of November, 1910, I took ninety half grown caterpillars, 

 from my fourteenth generation brc<l in a warm temperature, and raised them 

 in darkness, where the average coldest temperature at night was 5fi degrees, 

 and the average highest in the daytime was fifi degrees. I obtained twenty- 

 three chrysalides from December the 8th to the 21st; these were also bred in 

 darkness, and in <i cool teinperatiirc. During the last part of December the 

 average was slightly cooler than in the first part of the month; and in Jan- 

 uary the coldest was at an average of about 45 degrees, and the warmest aver- 

 age for two hours daily fi5 degrees; the last days were warmer, and on January 

 23d I got the first butterflies; on the 28th T brought all chrysalides in to the 

 warm temperature of 70 to 85 degrees, and on January 30, 1911, I obtained 

 a female; see the reproduction, 3. From these twenty-three chrysalides bred in 

 coolness, and in darkness, all the males and females had the ocelli of the hind 

 wing greatly enlarged, and three of them were almost as good as 3; all four 

 showed the confluence of the ocelli, and by many there were new small inter- 

 mediate ones confluent with the small ocelli below, but not with the large ones, 

 as shown in 4. It will be noticed that in this last one the black ocellus on the 

 right side of the butterfly appears pale; however, it is really not so, but of a 

 very deep black, and when one looks down upon it, in the direction of the 

 overlapping scales, this black appears smooth like very dark blue silk. This 

 smooth surface appears on the plate light in color; if this butterfly had been 

 mounted on the left side of the plate, then the ocellus on the left side of the 

 butterfly would appear pale. This female, with one other male, flew out ten 

 days later, although the chrysalides were kept for the last thirteen days at 80 

 degrees. I put the last one on January 11th in a cool temperature again, and 

 the butterfly emerged March 23d ; it was a female, the black in the ocelli was 

 not so smooth as in 4, but the ocelli of the hind wing were almost like 3. It 

 may be asked why these three butterflies did not emerge with the others. Per- 

 haps my method of caring for them may make this clear. I was in the habit 

 of cutting off all the leaves or part of the stem where the chry.salides or sus- 

 pended caterpillars hung. T then put them in small boxes with a table outside 

 on the box, registering the date, the number of the chrysalides, or suspended 

 caterpillars, with notes as to where they were obtained. If any caterpillars 

 had spun their silken tufts and were ready to hang, T cut the part carefully off 

 where the caterpillars hung so that the others could not eat off the surround- 

 ing support. Now it often happens that these caterpillars will leave their first 

 scaffold and seek another place in the box. However, in the case of these 

 individuals which did not come out with the others it may have been that the 

 cooler temperature prevented them from finding a good place to rest and they 

 were delayed ten days in coming out. 



As I have said in my first article, all generations bred at 90 degrees had 

 the ocelli on the fore wing, and the appendix slowly enlarged, but the ocelli of 

 the hind wing became slowly reduced in size. Now this thirteenth generation 

 for the first time bred in a cool temperature had the ocelli of the hind wing 

 greatly enlarged, and the appendix of the fore wing was in some still there; 



