Pomona Coi.i.eok Jouknai. of Entoakjlouy 805 



Why is it that such ^roat enlargement and eonfluenee of tiie ocelli does 

 not occur in nature '/ I iiave never seen any, and iiave not read any descrip- 

 tions. Dr. W. Ilorn of Berlin, Germany, and Dr. 11. Skinner of ['hiiadelphia 

 say that they are nowhere described. After all iny e.\|)eriiiients up to the pres- 

 ent it .seems to me that the tendency towards the eniargeinenl of the ocelli 

 develops slowly liy hrecdin^- this liutterlly always in DO degrees warm, dairip 

 air; and that by selecting;' these small beginnings of the enlargement of the 

 ocelli, and by steady inl)ree(ling of the same, I was able to increase the per- 

 centage. This enlargement showed only on the fore wing, as long as the 

 caterpillars anil clu'ysalides were bred in a warm tempei-ature ; but it needed 

 a change of temperature from steady !)0 degrees to coolness, to produce the.se 

 enlargements of the ocelli of the liiiul wing. This seems so strange to me, 

 that I can not find a good explanation. After my last experinumts, however, 

 I think the solution of this strange jihenonienon should be found in a study 

 of the caterpillar. 



In the fall of 1911 I tried these cool experiments again, with the .same 

 result; howev(;r, I lost all my chrysalides in one experiment, where I hatched 

 the eggs in quite a cool temperature, and spent a long time trying to raise the 

 caterpillars also in a cool temperature, and every chrysalis died later. I 

 think they were too weak to develop the imago. However, I have one more 

 interesting case: I caught an egg-laying female on July 5, 1911, at Los 

 Angeles and began to breed from these eggs a new line in 90 degrees warm, 

 damp air, and in darkness, just the same as my eld line bred in 90 degrees. 

 In this newly caught female I could not see any marked difference from our 

 local form ; but as I wished to be sure about it, because when I change the 

 food for the caterpillars, it happens sometimes, that I overlook a caterpillar 

 or chrysalis and throw it away, and later see one of my butterflies with an 

 appendix fly in the garden. When Junomia finds its food plants for the 

 caterpillars, it will stay for many days in the .same surroundings, even when 

 frightened it will always come back. I raised from the first eggs one hundred 

 caterpillars and chrysalides in normal temperature, and thirty-cne caterpillars 

 in 80 degrees, and the chrysalides of these in 90 degrees warm, damj) air, 

 and in darkness. All the butterflies from the hundred cateriiillars raised 

 and emerged in normal summer temi)erature were like my newly caught 

 female in markings and size. However, the other lot of butterflies whose 

 caterpillar.s were raised in 70 to 80 degrees, and the chrysalides bred in 90 

 degrees warm, daiiii> air, and in darkness, the males and tlie feiiuiles were 

 both very large, but the ocelli were small in proportion to the size of the 

 wings. These small ocelli and ether later developing differences constituting 

 our local form, make me brlieve tiiat the newly caught female, or its direct 

 ancestor, came from a dry region, pcrliaps Arizona. In the third generation 

 I got a few females with a very small beginning of an ajipendix on the l)lack 

 ocellus of the fore wing, however these were lost again in later generations, 

 only the large ocelli ef the hind wing became more circular, like those in my 

 old line bred in 90 degrees. From this new line from the fourtii generation, 



