82 



The Journal of Heredity 



and Nott and Gliddon" professed the 

 belief that the American natives orijj;- 

 inatcd in the new world and hence were 

 truly autochthonous; Grotius believed 

 that Yucatan had been peopled by 

 early Christian Ethiopians; according 

 to Mitchell the ancestors of the Indians 

 came to this country partly from the 

 Pacific Ocean and partly from north- 

 eastern Asia; the erudite Dr. IMcCullogh 

 believed that the Indians originated 

 from parts of different peoples who 

 reached America over lost land from the 

 west "when the surface of the earth 

 allowed a free transit for quadrupeds." 

 Quatrefages viewed the Americans as a 

 conglomerate people, resulting from the 

 fossil race of Lagoa Santa, the race of 

 Parana, and probably others in addition 

 to which he believed there had been 

 settlements of Polynesians; and Picker- 

 ing thought that the Indians originated 

 partly from the Mongolian and jjartly 

 from the Malay. 



The majority of the authors of the last 

 century, however, including Humboldt, 

 Brerewood, Bell, vSwinton, Jeffers(jn, 

 Latham, Quatrefages, and Peschel,'" 

 inclined to the belief that all the Amer- 

 ican natives, excepting the Eskimo, were 

 of one and the same race and that they 

 were the descendants of immigrants 

 from North-eastern Asia, jjarticularh- 

 of the "Tartars" or Mongolians. 



The most recent writers, with one 

 marked exception, agree entirely that 

 this country was peopled through immi- 

 gration and local multi]jlication of 

 people; but the locality, nature, and 

 time of the immigration arc still much 

 mooted questions. Some authors in- 

 cline to the exclusively north-eastern 

 Asiatic origin; others, such as Ten Kate 

 and Rivet, show a tendency to follow 

 Quatrefages in attributing at least some 



' Nott and Gliddon, "Types of Mankind, an<l Indijjc-nous Rao 

 monts by Leidv and Morton. "> 



"' Pc-schel, ()'., "The Races of Mar," p. 418, 1876. 



" Brinton, D. G., "The American Race," New York, 1891. 



'- Kollmann, J., "Die Pvgmaen" (Verh. d. Naturforsch, Ges. Basd, xvi, Basel, 1902). 



'•'' Ame^bino, F., " E! Tetraprothonio ArKentinus" (Anal. Mus. Nac. xvi, Buenos Aires, 1907); 

 also "Le Diprothomf) i)latensis" (ibid., xix, 1909). 



'< In this connection see also Cani])bell, J., "Asiatic Tribes in North America," Proc. Canadian 



])arts of the native American population 

 to the Polynesians; Brinton" held that 

 they came in ancient times over a land 

 connection from Europe; and Koll- 

 mann,'- basing his belief on some small 

 crania, believes that a dwarf race 

 ]jreccded the Indian in America. 



AMEGHINO'S HYPOTHESIS. 



A remarkable hypothesis concerning 

 the origin of the American native popula- 

 tion, deserving a few words apart, has 

 within the last 30 years, and especially 

 since the beginning of this century, been 

 built u]3 by Amcghino,''' the South 

 American paleontologist. This hy- 

 pothesis is, in brief, that man — not 

 merely the American race, but mankind 

 — originated in South America; that 

 the early man became differentiated in 

 the southern continent into a number of 

 species, most of which eventually be- 

 came extinct; that from South America 

 his ancestors migrated over ancient 

 land connections to Africa, and from 

 there peopled, in the form of Homo ater, 

 the larger parts of the African continent 

 and Oceania; that a strain multiplied 

 and sj^read over South America, and 

 somewhere in the second half of the 

 Pliocene migrated to North America 

 and that from North America man went 

 to Asia and Etn"0])e, where he gave rise 

 to the Homo mongoiiciis and Homo 

 cancasicns. 



In addition there have been some 

 suggestions that the Americans ma\- 

 have arrived from the "lost Atlantis;" 

 and the theory has even been expressed 

 that man, instead of migrating from 

 north-eastern Asia into Ainerica, ma>' 

 have moved in the opposite direction, 

 and especially that, after pco|)ling this 

 continent, a part of the Americans 

 reached Siberia.'* 



(The latter includes state- 



' Whence Came the American Indian 



