Johnson and Stutzmann: Wellesley's Birth-Rate 253 



barriers to the social opportunities of least to semi-coeducational ones such 

 the students. And this during the as Harvard and Columbia where they 

 critical years of maximum attractive- will have some opportunity to meet 

 ness when, as we have elsewhere shown, superior young men. 

 so many of the non-collegiate girls are (2) The state or private benefactor 

 marrying or making acquaintances lead- to provide all men's colleges with 

 ing to marriage. To take a specific closely affihatcd women's colleges and 

 instance: at Wellesley no young men all women's colleges with closely affili- 

 are allowed to call on a student during ated men's colleges, and to provide all 

 her one free day, Sunday. women's colleges with strong depart- 

 Since, then, the separation of sexes in ments for the teaching of domestic 

 different colleges, and the failure to science in the broadest sense of the term, 

 teach girls domestic science, are con- In case of refusal of the institution to 

 trary to the interests of society and the accept such provisions, discrimination 

 race, should we not urge: in the distribution of funds might well 

 (1) Parents to send their daughters be made in favor of the more soundly 

 to coeducational universities, or at organized institutions. 



Conformation of Cows and Milk Yield 



Inquiry into the relation between conformation of cows and milk yield has 

 lately been made by J. Reimers, an agricultural teacher at Wageningen, Holland, 

 and his conclusions were summarized in the Mitt, der Deut. Landw. GeselL, for April 

 26, 1913. The data investigated by him were taken from the Friesian Cattle 

 Herd Book, and had reference to 300 animals, from 2^ to 3 years old. With regard 

 to the statistical methods adopted, it may be explained that he divided the animals 

 with milk yields between 4,400 pounds and 8,800 pounds into five classes, and 

 attempted to correlate the yields with the various features of the conformation. 

 He also divided the animals into classes according to their body measurements, 

 and attempted to correlate these with the milk yields. 



The investigators' findings, when summarized, were, generally, to the effect 

 that no relationship existed between conformation and milk yield. His conclu- 

 sions were as follows : 



The milk yield increases slightly with increasing length of body until the latter 

 reaches a certain point, after which there appears to be a slight decrease in the 

 yield. Abnormal length of body apparently has the effect of lowering the milk 

 secretion. 



The milk yield increases with increasing height of crupper; but the increase can 

 by no means be called regular, and a strong connection between the two factors 

 could not be established. 



Animals with small or with very deep breasts appear to give a smaller yield than 

 animals which are normal in this respect, but the difference was too slight to make 

 the deduction of practical value. 



There is no regular relationship between milk yield and length of hindquarters, 

 or width between haunches, or breadth of pelvis. Animals with normal breadth of 

 pelvis give more milk than those with larger or smaller breadth of pelvis, but the 

 difference is not important. 



The system followed by herd book inspectors, in awarding points for conforma- 

 tion, was also taken as a basis of comparison. No more success was met with in 

 this direction, except, of course, in the case of points for udder, teats, milk veins, 

 and similar indications of good milk yield. In the Friesian Herd Book as many as 

 twelve points are awarded for shape of hindquarters, but no relation between this 

 and the milk yield could be traced. Further, the best milkers had the worst thighs 

 (although there was no regular connection between this and the yield) . — ^Journal of 

 Board of Agriculture (England). 



