Barrows and Phillips : Color in Cocker Spaniels 



389 



BREEDING COCKER SPANIELS BY ALGEBRA 



Table I, for determination of average results to bs obtained by interbresding the different 

 colors of Cocker Spaniels. To use table, first determine the class to which each dog belongs 

 and then trace the columms to the square in which they meet. Here the colors to be expected 

 and their average relative numbers will be found. A single large letter in the square 

 indicates that the entire litter will be of that color. B = black, R = red, L = liver or choco- 

 late, and Y = lemon. The class to which a given dog belongs can in soms cases be deter- 

 mined by a careful analysis of the pedigree and its color, in others by the results of a previous 

 mating. Or the procedure may be reversed. To determine the class of any animal ex- 

 amine a litter the result of mating with another animal, preferably of another color. 

 The determination of the class of two black parents is the most difficult and several other 

 matings may be njcessary bjFore an accurate determination is made. 



produced herewith as Table I. A 

 glance at the table will show that, 

 using Little's formtilae in which BE 

 represents the essentials of the black 

 color type, there will be four possible 

 kinds of black dogs. These are BE BE, 

 BE Be, BE bE, BE be, and will be 

 mentioned as classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 

 respectively. So far as we have been 

 able to learn there is no way to deter- 

 mine accurately, from the external 

 appearance, to which class a given black 

 dog may belong. However, rusty black 

 dogs do not belong to class 1. Two 

 classes of livers will be noted, bE bE, 

 and bE be, classes 5 and 6. Two 

 kinds of reds Be Be, and Be be, classes 

 7 and 8, are found; but only one kind 

 of lemon, be be, class 9, can occur. 



The red colors of Cockers seem to 

 differ from the yellows of Pointers in 

 being usually very clearly red, not 

 yellow. For convenience we will here- 

 after speak of the different color types 

 of dogs by giving their class numbers 

 as they are shown in the table. Table I 

 was next used by taking the individual 

 pedigrees and determining from them 

 the class to which each dog belongs; 

 for example, Lucky is known to be of 

 class 3, that is, he has the formula 

 BE Be. He should be found to have 

 the same formula judging by his off- 

 spring no matter to what color of bitch 

 he was mated. In this particular case 

 we have found in the records that Lucky 

 belongs to class 3. We have records of 

 nine of his matings, five times to females 



