IMONAKCll'S VICTORIA, A BEEF TYPE SHOKTIIOKiN 



Champion Shorthorn heifer at the Chicago International Stock Show in 1913, she represents 

 the prevailing American idea of a gaod Shorthorn, intended to produce meat, not milk. 

 Every line of her form proclaims the fact that she is not a dairy cow. But if anyone 

 thinks that the Shorthorn "breed" cannot produce dairy animals he is mistaken, as the 

 illustration opposite will prove. (Fig. 3.) 



back to the breeding of Thomas Bates, 

 while the sj^eciaHzed beef animal shows 

 predominantly in its pedigree only ani- 

 mals of Cruickshank or Booth breed- 

 ing, the lines of lineage frequently 

 running entirely separate for the past 

 fifty years. But the limiting confines 

 are very elastic and, despite these far- 

 reaching differences, the integrity of the 

 Shorthorn breed has not yet been 

 disrupted on this basis. 



TRIVIAL BREED BARRIERS 



Second: On the other hand, tyjjes 

 which show minute similarity may 

 belong to separate breeds. Back in 

 the Miami Valley (;f Ohio, in the mother 

 country of the world-famous Poland 

 China hog, there are many herds of 

 Poland Chinas that retain the si)otted 

 jxittern characteristic of all earl>' Poland 

 hogs. These i^igs boast the same an- 

 cestry and the same type as their 

 aristocratic "pure-bred" cousins. They 

 534 



are the true, reliable, rent -paying Poland 

 China sort ; paint o\^er their white spots 

 and they would defy detection in many 

 a high class Poland China herd. But 

 their spots make them outcasts, and to 

 enable them to get inside the boundaries 

 of a breed it is necessary that they set 

 up a standard of their own. As a 

 result, the Spotted Poland China breed 

 is a reality. 



It is particularly interesting that 

 Shorthorn breeders, so generous and 

 broad-minded in accepting wide vari- 

 ants into the ranks of their breed and so 

 reluctant in ])ermitting a cleavage of 

 the group, also furnish an example 

 under this head. For a variation has 

 apix'ared among Shorthorn cattle which 

 is deemed of sufiicient moment for 

 creating a separate breed. In this 

 ease, the excuse for splitting the breed 

 is a sim])le difference of structure, 

 which is known to act as a simple 

 Mendelian unit charaeler, i.e., the 



