66 



The Journal of Heredity 



But race betterment will also be im- 

 possible unless a clear distinction is made 

 between measures that reall\- mean race 

 betterment of a fundamental and ])er- 

 manent nature, and measiu'cs which do 

 not. . . . Such pulilications as this bul- 

 letin of the Children's Bureau are unfor- 

 tunate because they serve, even thou^di 

 quite unintentionally, to confuse the 



issue. If the national well-being is to be 

 furthered, it is necessary frankly to 

 realize that the present methods of 

 "savinji; the babies" are wholly inade- 

 quate. They must be extended. There 

 is only one fundamentally eflfective and 

 ]X'nnanent way of reducinj^ infant mor- 

 tality — namely, by starting the l)abies 

 in life with good heredity. 



The Position of Women After the War 



MOTHERHOOD. Bv C. Gasquoine Hart- 

 ley (Mrs. Walter M. Gallichan). Pp. 402, 

 price S2.50. Dodd, Mead & Co., 443 Fourth 

 Avenue, New York City. 



Writing from an luiglish ];)oinf of 

 view, Mrs. Gallichan remarks that the 

 war has brought about numerous, large 

 and divergent changes in the ]3osition of 

 women. On the one hand, it has 

 forced great niunbers of them into 

 industry, making them economically 

 independent; on the other hand, it has 

 (she says) practically destroyed the 

 feminist movement, women having come 

 to realize that motherhood is above all 

 else the thing that counts. After re- 

 viewing at lens/th the evolution of 



parental instinct, she devotes the larger 

 part of the book to a discussion of ways 

 in which the home can be strengthened 

 and motherhood conserved. This car- 

 ries her to the familiar ground of sexual 

 education, divorce, position of the un- 

 married mother, etc. While believ- 

 ing that life-long monogamy is best 

 suited to the normal ])art of the race, 

 Mrs. Gallichan thinks that there are 

 many abnormal individuals for whom 

 freer and more temporary unions should 

 be legalized. But legal sanction for 

 such changes is not sufficient — what is 

 really wanted, in most cases, is social 

 sanction ; and this is a thing which can 

 not be manufaclureil to order. 



Vocational Guidance in Music 



Vocational and avocational guidance 

 has heretofore been planned largely 

 along physical lines and although the 

 psychological requirements have been 

 recognized as important, it has ahvays 

 seemed impossible to measure satisfac- 

 torily a subject's mental capabilities 

 along a given line. Now, however, a field 

 has been discovered which j)romises to 

 form a well defined I'hase of applied psy- 

 chology. In its monthly monograj^h for 

 Septemljcr, 1916, and again in its bulle- 

 tin of (Jetober 0, 1917, the University of 

 Iowa describes the work which is being 

 done there in vocational guidance in 

 music. After a number of years' work 

 the Psychology of Music Studio has 

 set forth definitely the traits which 

 make the talent for music a "gift" 



and is now able to measure them so 

 accurately that the fitness of a subject 

 for musical work can be determined ex- 

 actly, and the nineteen measurements 

 made can be charted on a graph. The 

 laboratory-studio is maintained at the 

 University for the service of the people 

 of the State and a small fee of three 

 dollars is charged for making the exami- 

 nation, which extends over a period of 

 three days. It is jilanned to make 

 musical surveys in the public schools, 

 es])ecially in the fifth grade, and as some 

 of the fundamental tests are so arranged 

 that it is ])ossible to gi\-e them to one 

 hundred children at a tune, it will be 

 comparativelv easy to make an accurate 

 classification. The ])lan aims to dis- 

 cover latent talent as well as to classify 

 ambitious students. 



