76 



The Journal of Heredity 



awning, pubesccnse of the glume, com- 

 pactness and the like, arc being ob- 

 served. The red color of kernel is 

 found to be represented in different 

 sorts by one, two or more factors, as 

 has been found by others. 



The crosses between the difTercnt 

 species are furnishing much of interest 

 regarding the nature of the inheritance 

 of the various characters as well as 

 some information regarding the pos- 

 sible origin of some of the types. Fig. 

 14 shows the parents and Fi type of a 

 cross between emmer and common 

 wheat. A cross between 7". dtinim and 

 T. indgare furnished two plants in the 

 second generation which closely re- 



sembled the wild wheat or emmer, T, 

 hermonis. Fig. 15 shows the parents 

 and Fi type of the cross which in the 

 second generation produced these two 

 wild forms. These forms have been 

 grown through the fourth generation 

 and have gi\'en many forms possessing 

 the articulation of this wild type. 



Two fertile hybrids have been found 

 between wheat and rye and one of 

 these has been carried through the 

 fourth generation and is now being 

 tested as to its winter hardiness. 

 After the second generation most of 

 the types have been wheat-like in ap- 

 pearance, yet the kernels show some 

 modification. 



The Place of Intelligence in Evolution 



CELL LXTELLIGENCE THE CAUSE OF 

 EVOLUTION, by Nels Qucvli. Pp. 460, 

 with 53 illustrations. Price $L58 postpaid. 

 Standard Book Co., Mason City, Iowa. 



When a battleship is built and 

 operated, the intelligence of some man is 

 given credit. The growth of the human 

 body from a single cell, and the sub- 

 sequent functioning of that body, are 

 more remarkable occurrences; why not 

 attribute them to the intelligence of 

 the cell? Mr. Quevli argues at great 

 length that the cell is a conscious, 

 intelligent being, and by reason thereof 

 plans and builds all plants and animals 

 in the same manner that man con- 

 structs houses, railways, and other 

 structures. In cell intelligence he finds 

 the cause of both heredity and de- 

 velopment. 



This is a perfectly logical position to 

 take. Why is it, then, that men of 

 science are so seldom satisfied with it? 

 Because it leads to nowhere. Mr. 

 Quevli may be right in thinking that 

 all the acts of the cell are due to the 

 possession of intelligence; but once 

 they are explained by the term there is 

 little more to be said. The case is 

 settled. Science, however, cannot re- 

 main satisfied with such a solution; it 

 progresses only as the sequences of 



events in which the cell is concerned 

 are observed and described. It has 

 been found from abundant experience 

 that research of this kind is most 

 profitably carried on when all thought 

 of intelligence is left behind, and the 

 cell's activities are studied as mani- 

 festations of the properties of matter. 

 In his preface Mr. Quevli expresses 

 the suspicion that his book will arouse 

 the hostility of men of science "who 

 may think they will be injured in their 

 business." There is some truth in this 

 though not at all in the way Mr. 

 Quevli imagines. Mr. Quevli may be 

 right and the orthodox biologists wrong, 

 in their respective views of evolution. 

 But the adoption of Mr. Quevli's 

 view would interfere with the business 

 of men of science. It would be a 

 hindrance to research . They will , there- 

 fore, continue to deal with cells without 

 ascribing any intelligence to them. 

 For the purpose of research, science 

 must be mechanistic. But at the same 

 time, it is well to remember that the 

 mechanistic view sees only one side of 

 evolution. From a philosophical point 

 of view, it is quite possible that the 

 whole universe might be interpreted 

 in temis of intelligence just as well as 

 in terms of physics and chemistry. 



