90 



The Journal of Heredity 



in which whitc-bclUcd yellows differ 

 from solid yellows. It should be added, 

 howe\'er, that factors arc known which 

 produce effects as if of both class 1 and 

 class 2, and the bicolor pattern of dogs 

 may be one of these. Further data 

 would be very welcome. 



The relation of black-and-tan to black 

 and to red is another question on which 

 further data is necessary. There arc 

 three jiossibilities. The recessive factor 

 by which the black-and-tan differs from 

 black may be identical with factor e by 

 which red differs from black. In this 

 case, a subsidiary factor or factors must 

 be supposed to modify -a red into a 

 black-and-tan. Second, the black-and- 

 tan jiattem may be due to an allelo- 

 morph of factors E and e, intermediate 

 in effects. Third, it may be due to a 

 factor independent of the extension 

 series as supposed by Barrows and 

 Phillips.'^ Ibsen quotes Barton to the 

 effect that red by red may occa- 

 sionally produce black-and-tan, and 

 that black-and-tan by black-and-tan 

 may occasionally produce red. Hage- 

 doom is also quoted, as stating that 

 red may be dominant over black-and- 

 tan. This evidence is easily harmonized 

 with the first hypothesis above, but 

 not so easily with the second and third. 



If the last proves correct, it must^be 

 supposed that reds are of two kinds, 

 some dominant over black, some re- 



cessive. 



LIVER COLOR IN DOGS 



Perhaps the best established factor 

 in dogs is one of class 2b. Lang'^ 

 obtained indications, in a particular 

 cross, that brown is recessive to black. 

 Little^^ thoj-oughly confirmed this 

 conclusion in Pointer dogs, and Bar- 

 rows and Phillips^'* in Cocker Span- 

 iels. This factor converts all black pig- 

 ment in skin, fur and eyes to brown, 

 thus changing solid black dogs to solid 

 browns or "livers"; black-and-tans to 

 liver-and-tans ; and reds with black nose, 

 ears and eyes to reds with brown nose, 

 ears and eyes. Barrows and Phillips 

 suggest further that red is reduced to 

 lemon, but this seems inconsistent with 

 their statement that both reds and 

 lemons may have either black or brown 

 points. Little speaks of ycllow^s with 

 brown points as somewhat duller than 

 those with black points, but this may 

 be due merely to reduction of a slight 

 black sootiness in the fur to brown. 

 On the whole there seems little reason 

 for doubting that this factor may be 

 compared with the chocolate-brown 

 variations of rodents. 



Longevity in Lily Pollen 



During the season of 1916 I made a 

 large number of crosses among my 

 various lilies and wishing to use some 

 of the earlier kinds with the later, I 

 saved in small envelopes, the pollen of 

 all the best early sorts to use later as 

 later kinds bloomed. I found most of 

 the pollen was good for two or three 

 months saved in this way. Wishing 

 to know if the pollen of some of the 

 late ones might be kept over to use on 

 the early ones in spring, I saved it from 

 the L. aurattmi, wrapped in two or 

 three sheets of paraffine paper and 

 kept in a warm, dry place. Last 

 spring I opened this and used it on a 



llower of Lilium martagon. The first 

 application was a success and a good 

 capsule of seed was obtained, but later 

 this was tried on a lot of flowers of 

 other lilies with no results. Only when 

 the pollen was first exposed to the air 

 w^as it potent. Care was taken to re- 

 move the anthers before the flower had 

 opened and to cover well as soon as the 

 old pollen had been applied. Had the 

 pollen been divided and kept in separate 

 envelopes so that it was used at once 

 w'hcn first exposed to the air, I believe 

 more capsules would have been ferti- 

 lized. F. H. HORSFORD, 



Chariotte, Vt. 



'»LanK. A., 1910. Zeit. Abst. Vcr., 3:1-33. 



'» Little, C. C. Loc. cit. 



'♦Harrows, W. M. and J. N. Phillips. Loc. cit. 



