DISTRIBUTION OF GROWTH-FORMS. 267 
P. Maldives 1. A short round-topped mass, as if dividing vertically into unequal, 
columniform lobes. 
P. Red Sea 5. Nearly always columnar, sometimes mounds or tubers. 
Irregular column formation due to other growth methods :— 
P. Fiji Islands 14. Cf. Section D. 
P. Figi Islands 15. Of. Section D. 
P. Singapore 3. Cf. Section C, 0. 
P. Singapore 5. Cf. Section ©, a. 
P. Mauritius 4. Cf. Section C, a. 
P. Persian Gulf 1. Cf. Section K, ec. 
P. Caroline Islands 3. Cf. Section D. 
P. Great Barrier Reef 9. Cf. Section D. 
P. Great Barrier Reef 10. Cf. Section D. 
P. Ceylon 8. Cf. Section E, c. 
G. Branching Forms. 
The forms it is intended to include under this heading are those which start by the 
direct uprising of the central part of the initial plano-convex stage, without any further lateral 
expansion of that stage. Inasmuch, however, as most branching specimens have been broken 
off somewhere above their bases, it is not possible to know exactly how they started. Section C 
is a list of clusters, lobate and branching, the origin of which from expanding bases can be 
gathered from the specimens themselves. The more purely branching clusters will be given 
again here. 
It is not easy to divide the different kinds of branchings, accident of position has doubtless 
much to do with it. One character, however, seems to be fairly trustworthy, viz. the shape of 
the stems and branches. Some are cylindrical, the stems and branches remaining cylindrical 
throughout with the succession of forkings taking place in different planes. In others the 
tendency is to flatten and to divide repeatedly in the same plane, so as to give rise to flabellate, 
palmate, or cockscomb-like leaves, the edges of which break up into branchlets. 
a. With cylindrical or only slightly flattened stems forking in all planes :— 
(Note.—In order to strengthen the stems the horizontal layers of the calicle skeleton are 
often specially developed, and show in the calicles as flakes, more or less affecting the septa. 
All those in which these flakes are conspicuous in the calicle are marked with an a; all those 
in which the flakiness is disguised by tall, stout trabecule, rising to form a granular, or some- 
times a smooth velvety surface, are marked 8; cases unmarked are either exceptions or else 
there is no information available. See further below p. 270 in the observations.) 
P. Union Islands 1. See text, p. 32. 
P. Samoa 1, Thin stems, with scattered nipple-like twigs. 
a P. Tonga Islands 8. Tall, thin, dendiform. 
P. Tonga Islands 9, Clumps of short and curving branches. 
a P. Tonga Islands 10. Erect, with slight angular bends (for possible early stage, see 
text, p. 41). 
a P. Fiji Islands 1, Erect stems, with alternate swellings and constrictions. 
a P. Fiji Islands 8. Long, erect, wavy stems. 
2m 2 
