108 



The Journal of Heredity 



choosing process. They fall into error 

 by concentrating attention on the last, 

 most obvious, emotional, "love-is-blind" 

 stage. The first involves the broad de- 

 termination of our associates. The 

 second is the narrowing of choice to 

 those whom we specially admire and 

 elect as friends. The last is the actual 

 "falling in love." 



One of the chief factors in this first 

 stage is the structure of the social unit 

 to which we belong. How frequently 

 matings are determined by the school, 

 church, or neighborhood! Then there 

 is another group, composed of our par- 

 ents' chosen friends, with whose chil- 

 dren we are naturally thrown. The 

 mother who sends her girl to the univer- 

 sity rather than into the the dansant set, 

 determines largely the type of her 

 daughter's fiance, not only because her 

 associates arc different in the two cases, 

 but because the girl's ideals will be dif- 

 ferently built up. The young man who 

 goes with fast girls is indirectly deter- 

 mining the kind of girl he will marry 

 — if, indeed, he is not thereby led to 

 abandon marriage. During this second 

 stage of more intensive associations or 

 friendships, there is clear-headed dis- 

 crimination, before the emotions have 

 become imperious. I believe that the 

 period of mere friendhness is longer in 

 most cases than the period of conscious 

 loving before marriage. So we see the 



choice of a mate is not ordinarily 

 capricious. 



ASSORTATIVE MATING. 



To show you that marriage selection 

 does really operate, I have collected in 

 a table the cases so far obseived show- 

 ing assortative mating'. This may be 

 defined as the degree to which like mates 

 with like. This docs not have as great 

 a eugenic significance as preferential 

 mating, h)ut the latter has not yet been 

 so well demonstrated. Assortative mat- 

 ing has the value, however, of building 

 up the unusually able brains the world 

 needs. In this table 1 expresses per- 

 fect assortative mating, that is, each 

 degree always mating with the corre- 

 sponding degree. expresses random 

 mating. You will notice in the royal 

 families that assortative mating is low 

 because interfered with for state 

 reasons. 



My student, Miss Carrie F. Gilmore, 

 has found a preferential mating in 

 facial appearance and class marks. 



Thus in the class of 1902 of the South- 

 western State Normal School of Penn- 

 sylvania, where the marriage rate of 

 graduates is 43.7 per cent, (status in 

 1912), it is found that the marriage rate 

 among the girls who got marks of 90 

 or over in their studies is about 56 per 

 cent. 



'Assortative Mating. 



1 = complete. 



Trait 



Stature (Eng. Mid. Class) 



Stature 



Age 



Cephalic Index 



Deafness 



Normality (Fam. With Crim'ls) 



Longevity 



Intelligence 



Temper 



Excitability 



Sympathy 



Reserve 



Success in career 



Insanity 



Intelligence (royal) 



Investigator 



Pcarson-Galton 

 Pearson 

 Lutz 

 Boas 

 Schuster 

 Goring 

 Warren et al 

 Eldrrton ct al 

 Elderton et al 

 Elderton et al 

 Elderton et al 

 Elderton et al 

 Elderton ct al 

 Elderton et al 

 Woods 



Index Probable Error 



+ .W 

 + . 2804 



+ .75 

 + .15 

 + .90 

 + .11 

 + .22 



3,i 

 ,18 



+ .11 

 + .15 

 + .27 

 + .48 

 + .30 

 + .80 



+ .04 

 + .0189 



+ . 

 + .10 

 + . 

 + . 



+ .02 

 + . 

 + . 

 + . 

 + . 

 + . 

 + . 



+ .05 

 + . 076 



