THE PHILIPPINE NEGRITOS 



Three Fundamental Types of Mankind Seem to Enter Into Their Make-up, but the 



Australoid Predominates This May be Either the Basic Stock of All 



Humanity, or a Product of the Fusion of European and Oriental 



Stocks, the Iberian and the Primitive. 



Extracts from two artick■^ 



by Robert Bennett Bean of Tulane University, New Orleans, La., 

 in the American Anthropologist.^ 



THERE arc three fundamental 

 types which are found amon^ all 

 the peoples of the Philippines, 

 and the three types I have desig- 

 nated Iberian, Primitive and Austra- 

 loid. The Iberian is of the classic Greek 

 mold, thin, wiry and trim, and may be 

 differentiated from the other types by 

 the ear form, cephalic index and nasal 

 index. The ear is characterized by the 

 eversion of the concha, the rolling out 

 of the helix, and the spiral shape of the 

 outer rim, as seen from behind; the 

 cephalic index is low the nose long and 

 aquilin?. The type ;s called Iberian 

 because the purest living representatives 

 are to be found in Spain, the Iberian 

 peninsula. 



The Primitive is in direct contrast 

 to the Iberian because of the stocky 

 build, usually short, squat and fat ; the ear 

 is distinctly bowl-shaped, with depressed 

 concha and rollcd-in helix; the head is 

 short and broad, and the nose is short, 

 broad and flat, with depressed root. 

 The type is called Primitive, because 

 it is infantile, because it is called 

 Primitive by Hagen, and because it is 

 found largely among the so-called 

 Primitive peoj^les of the earth. 



The Australoid is neither thin and 

 delicately molded nor squat and fat, 

 but is rather lanky and heavy in body 

 and limb. The ear is large, somewhat 

 bowl-shaped, with a slojjing shelf for 

 lobule, and the helix is horizontal in its 

 upper part, making a square bowl in- 

 stead of a round one as in the Primiti\-e. 



The head is long and narrow, btit the 

 nose is broad, long, high and large in all 

 dimensions. This type is called Austra- 

 loid because it is believed to be the 

 fundamental type of Australia and of 

 all negroid peoples. 



The Australoid is the fundamental 

 Negrito type and it is found purest 

 among the Mariveles Negritos and 

 along the eastern coast of Luzon. It is 

 also found elsewhere throughout the 

 islands in populations that are not 

 Negrito, where it is somewhat modified 

 but has a form that is clearly recogniz- 

 able. It has been found by me where- 

 ever I have observed Filipinos, and is 

 one of the three fundamental types of 

 the islands. 



ORIGIN OF THE THREE TYPES. 



The origin of the three types is not 

 entirely clear. There can be no doubt 

 that the Iberian is the same as the 

 Mediterranean race of Sergi, derived 

 originally from Europe. The Primitive 

 has a wide range of distribution accord- 

 ing to Hagen, being found in South 

 America, Africa, the Pacific islands, and 

 on the mainland of Asia. Wherever 

 found it has associated with it a type 

 resembling the Australoid, therefore 

 the two may have originated together. 

 If they did not, they have at least 

 drifted together over the world and are 

 found together at present over a large 

 extent of the earth's surface. The 

 Australoid type is a large element in 

 the composition of the negro people, 



'This article is a mosaic of extracts from the concluding ])ortions of two papers by Dr. Bean: 

 "Tyi)es of Negritos in the Phillijjine Islands" (Am. Anthroi)ologist, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1910) and 

 "Philippine Types" (Ibid., Vol. 12, No. 3, I'JIO). The Editor is wholly responsible for the selcc- 



ippme i ypes 

 tion of these extracts. 



216 



