220 



The Jol-kxal of Heredity 



Australoid forms the basic stock of all 

 humanity, and the Iberian of Europe 

 on one side and the Primitive of the 

 Orient on the other are derivatives. If 

 neither hypothesis be true, at least the 

 Negrito of Mariveles has Primitive and 

 Iberian characteristics ingrafted from 

 without. 



ANCIENT TYPES STILL EXIST. 



The composition of any group of 

 people, large or small, depends on the 

 relative proportions of each type that 

 entered into the com]JOsition of the 

 group, the time during which the types 

 have been in contact, the conditions of 

 food, water, air, habits, etc., and other 

 factors. There is no evidence that any 

 type of man that ever existed has dis- 

 appeared entirely, although there is 

 evidence that the types have become 

 somewhat modified in different parts 

 of the world. 



My recent discovery of paleolithic 

 man in the Philippines (Homo philip- 

 pinensis) may throw Hght on the origin 

 of the Australoid type among the 

 Negritos and among the inland tribes 

 as well as in the littoral population of 

 the archipelago. Homo philippinensis 

 is Australoid in form yet somewhat 

 different from the Negrito Australoid, 

 the Igorot Australoid or the Australoid 

 of the coast, but not so different as to 



preclude all relationshi]). Homo phil- 

 ippinensis is also related to the earliest 

 forms of man in Europe: Homo mon- 

 s teriosis and Homo Heidelbergensis; it 

 is" of the Neanderthal type, and is not 

 greatly different from the Negro Austra- 

 loid. The following hypothesis is 

 plausible. Primordial man remained 

 practicalh' unaltered in form in Africa 

 and the Pacific, and Homo philippinensis 

 is this unchanged form; iDut in Africa 

 the kinky hair and black skin of the 

 negro may he added features due to 

 environment, and the Australoid negro 

 is a further modification of the negroid 

 form, due also to environment. What- 

 ever the cause may be, there are at 

 present three types found among the 

 Negritos — the Australoid, the Primitive 

 and the Iberian; and these three types 

 are found also among the other peoples 

 of the Philippines v.'herever I have 

 examined them. The Primitive and the 

 Australoid, and doubtless the Iberian, 

 are found in all the islands of the Pacific 

 where search has been made and careful 

 analysis of the pco])le has followed, the 

 first two types often among more or 

 less pure Negritos. 



The more profound the study, the 

 more profoimd becomes the impression 

 that the Primitive, the Australoid and 

 the Iberian are the three fundamental 

 types of mankind. 



A Race of "White Canaries 



EstabHshment of a race of white canaries is described in a recent number of 

 Knowledge, by Maud S. Martin. It started with a hen from a much in-bred buff 

 strain, that sported to pure white, and was mated with an unrelated buff male. 

 All of the offspring were buff, but when bred together gave 48 buff chicks and 18 

 white ones. Matings carried through the third generation seemed to prove that 

 the color was subject to Mendelian laws, buff being dominant and white recessive. 

 Twenty-five extracted recessives were secured and are now breeding pure in every 

 generation. They seem to be fully as vigorous as the type, and have black, not 

 pink, eyes. 



A Eugenics Bibliography 



The Russell Sage Foundation Library of New York City has published (as 

 number three of its bulletin, February. '1914) a useful selected list of works on 

 eugenics, from the material rei)resented in its own collection. It is interesting 

 to note that only 24 out of the 57 entries are due to Americans. Unfortunately, 

 the list does not' for the most i)art, include the subjects of heredity and genetics, 

 unless they deal solely with the c.igenics phase. 



