332 



The Journal of He^editv 



Southern Indiana, where improvement 

 was not undertaken until later, the 

 Hampshire breed undoubtedly took its 

 origin in the same way. 



ANOTHER BELT FORMULA. 



In searching for a belted-red male for 

 outcross to my Belted-Reds. I found a 

 ]jig without pedigree, of perfect belted- 

 red pattern. He was from a herd in 

 which the owner had variously used 

 Chester-White and Red-Duroc males 

 on a black Poland China foundation. 

 Out of some 60 pigs he was the only one 

 of the belt-pattern. Before using him 

 we loaned him to a breeder having a 

 large herd of sows that were a mixture 

 of Duroc, Tarn worth. Yorkshire and 

 Poland in various proi)ortion. In this 

 herd he sired nearly 15% of belts, giving 

 us some confidence that he would sire 

 normally to our fixed-belt sows. But 

 the resiilt was no better than from the 

 mixed herd, and we surmised his factors 

 for the belt were compound and entirely 

 different to the two-factor class with 

 which we were breeding: acting against 

 our older factors as opponent rather 

 than aid. The few good belts from him 

 were also sadly upset in their trans- 

 mission, throwing pigment spots inside 

 the widest part of the belt, white spots 

 on the pigment area, white bellies and 

 white high on hind legs (always on 

 same ])ig with white-belh'). May we 

 sus]X'ct that his selfcd area was the 

 result of two different spottings, one 

 interposed on the other, bridging the 

 pigment voids? 



Two broods by the Goodwine pure 

 Hampshire out of two hybrid sows I 

 will describe to illustrate pattern 

 genesis: — These sows were of two Rcd- 

 Tam worth tops on a pure white York- 

 sliire foundation : designated in farm- 

 lore as ^i Tamworth, 34 York. In 

 color-area one was a light-red-roan, the 

 other dark-red-roan, and each had a 

 normal white belt; their broods aggre- 

 gated 16 pigs, enumerated: — Three 

 perfect Hampshircs; three wide belts 

 on brown-roan ends ; two standard belts 

 on pale yellow-red ends, with a large 

 V)lack-spot on each at top of rump ; two 

 Hampshire-black with V)elts except 

 these narrowed to extinction on each at 



top of shoulders; one good red coat 

 with narrow belt closing at top of 

 shoulders; one mostly white (an extrav- 

 agant belt) leaving only a black spot on 

 rump and at root of cars ; one incipient 

 belt, one fore leg only being white and 

 the rest of the body good red except 

 for small black specks on rump ; three 

 hair-coats all white, skins splotched 

 with black. 



Analyzing these: — the mothers were 

 each heterozygous in the white factor 

 for belting, getting this only from the 

 Yorkshire side of their pedigree. That 

 they were also heterozygous for the 

 selfing on pigment area is proved by 

 their roanness, of mingled red and white 

 hairs, which came only from their last 

 Tamworth cross. The white factor 

 from the Hampshire was dominant in 

 the entire 16 pigs in some degree, from 

 the single white leg on up to the three 

 pigs entirely covered with white. Had 

 these same belted-roan mothers been 

 bred to a sire of their own color and 

 genesis, our like crossing has proved 

 that their produce would have been 

 3:1 whites and reds, with a per cent, of 

 the whites turning roan towards matur- 

 ity, and some with belts. 



ANALYSIS BY ANALOGY. 



So far the analysis was simple: but 

 looking at the result of adding the 

 recessive selling factor of the pure 

 Hampshire with the variov comple- 

 ments that this must encou.' in these 

 heterozygous sows, the c.,.. nation can 

 only be the crudest gues-ing. Again, 

 however, we have prcc^ dent in other 

 hybridizing. The Hampsl ire being full 

 dominant to Tamworili Red, we may 

 conclude that the first liiree pigs, named 

 as perfect Hampshircs, resulted from 

 segregation of these breeds in the zygote. 

 Actual breeding is the only test to 

 detennine whether they are heterozy- 

 gous or homozygous for the white factor 

 of the belting which, it will be remem- 

 bered, is dominant. The next three 

 pigs, brown-roan ends with wide belts, 

 appear to be of Yorkshire-white plus 

 the two l)elt-i)attern elements from the 

 Hami)shire; exce])t that there remained 

 also in tlie ova one or more Tamworth 

 jjigment-fonning genes which cau.sed the. 



