nd 



Tin-; JouRXAi. of I Iiikkditn 



did not oxidize into gray, as is the case 

 with the Arabi and also with the Dttzbai, 

 so that the specimens in question 

 remained black. I therefore concluded 

 that the small Arabi was a hybrid (and 

 not a \'cry well fixed tyi^e of h>'brid at 

 that) and that some black longtail sheep 

 (the blackest of all black shce]) on earth) 

 I^laved an important part in the forma- 

 tion of the breed. Needless to say, I 

 did not exclude the presence of a fat- 

 rumjj admixture — otherwise, how could 

 the small Arabi be a broadtail ? 



The presence of fatrump blood was 

 easily traced in the Duzbai, which has 

 the lonj^. pendulous, drooping ears that 

 characterize Oris steatopyga, the convex 

 nose line, larj^e head, very thick feet, 

 enormous weight, and a tail wath fat 

 accumulation that weighs as much as 

 the kurdiuk (fat sack) of a fatnmip. 

 As Duzbai lambs frequently come fawn 

 (the natural color of the fatrump), it is 

 easy to understand why the fatrump's 

 anatomical characteristics ai)i)ear so 

 dominant in the Duzbai breeds. If a 

 small, black, longtail sheep is crossed 

 with an enormous fawn one (both fixed 

 types), Mendel's law leads us to expect 

 that the offspring will have the char- 

 acteristics of the latter. 



I explained in a former i)aper' that I 

 received most valuable information from 

 the oldest fur dealer in Bokhara, 

 Karavan Bashi Aziz, to whom I was 

 intrf)duced by F. N. Petrov, dragoman 

 of the Russian embassy at New Bokhara. 

 From this gra>'-haired, honest Musul- 

 man I learned that some 60 years ago 

 there were no Arabi nor Duzbai shec]) 

 in Bokhara, but at that time the only 

 fur-bearing sheep which ])roduced beau- 

 tiful, pea-like, tight, lustrous, black 

 curls, was the black longtail Danadar. 

 It was not my good fortune to see one 

 of these shec]:) during my extensive 

 travels in Bokhara in 1912 and 1913, 

 and as I have already explained, the 

 photographs sent me by Mr. Petrov 

 were not sufficient to convince me that 

 the breed really existed at the present 

 day. This sjiring I was more fortunate 

 and thanks to the Vice-Iilmir, who 

 provided mc with an intelligent guide 



' YouriK, Dr. C. C. Breeding Karakul Rhccp. Journal of Heredity, V', 4, 170. April, 1914. Sec 

 also Strange Sheep oi Asiatic Russia, American Breeders' Magazine, IV, 4, 184, Oct. -Dec., 1913, 

 and ibid., third (piarter, 1912. 



(Abdul Hamid Bek Mirza Bashi, an 

 officer high in the Emir's employ) I 

 was able to see the only herd of gray 

 Danadar sheep which still exists in the 

 Khanate of Bokhara. 



About 100 miles from Old Bokhara 

 city (the capital of the Khanate) there 

 is the district of Kejumek, where we 

 were received by the qazi (the highest 

 judge of the district) who introduced us 

 to a very old sheep breeder of the dis- 

 trict, one Kana Abdsiu, who pastured 

 his father's herds of black Danadars 

 and also had his own herd. His grand- 

 father, he said, raised "dogtail" Dana- 

 dars, and he not only corroborated the 

 story given by the Karavan Bashi Aziz, 

 but added still more interesting informa- 

 tion, stating that as the demand began 

 to increase for black Danadar lamb 

 skins (after Bokhara was conquered by 

 Russia in 1865) the natives began to 

 cross their black sheep with white, 

 fine-wool Afghans. This in time pro- 

 duced the gray Danadar breed, lambs 

 of which produced skins mth small, 

 gray curls the size of pinheads, rather 

 open and lustreless. C)nc such skin is 

 now in my possession. This injection 

 of white blood, contaminated with fat- 

 rump blood, in time changed the black 

 Danadar into the small Arabi. The 

 cross of the black Danadar on the fat- 

 rump breeds ]5roduced the Duzbai. 

 The gray Shiraz evolved from the gray 

 Danadar, and possesses larger curls and 

 more lustre than the gray Danadar, be- 

 cause of its fatrum]j admixture. The 

 Zigai is a typically Russian breed that 

 never existed in Central Asia, and if 

 vSinitzin saw any there, it must have 

 been because they were taken there by 

 Russian Tartars who settled in Turk- 

 estan. Sinitzin's large Arabi, according 

 to Karpov, who wrote the Russian 

 government bulletin on Karakul sheep 

 in 1910, is the same animal as the 

 Duzbai, and I certainly agree with him. 



INFLUENCE OF THE DANAUAR. 



We know now that the black Danadar 

 is to the sheej) family what the negro is 

 to the species Homo sapiens. There can 

 be no doubt that the Tshushka and 



