466 



Thk Journal of Hickkditv 



other groups, "crossed out" with Euro- 

 peans and Hottentots respectively. Pure 

 European blood was always introduced 

 by a man, pure Hottentot blood by a 

 woman. In the individuals of the last 

 two groups, the j^roportion of the two 

 stocks represented is diverse. The most 

 extreme grade is the result of direct 

 outcrossing, such as is given, for instance, 

 through the marriage of the son of a 

 European wnth a girl of mixed origin 

 of the first generation. The three 

 groups are briefly designated as the 

 Eu-group, mid-group and Hott-group, 

 according as one or the other blood, or 

 neither, preponderated. As a "control" 

 grou]) for comjiarisons in his measure- 

 ments, Fischer took peasants of Baden, 

 there being no available observations on 

 Hollanders. The only comparative 

 measurements on pure Hottentots were 

 those made by Fischer himself, on eight 

 men and seven women. 



The stature of the mongrel men 

 (average 168.4 cm.) is considerably 

 greater than that of the Hottentots 

 (157.9 cm.) and even somewhat above 

 that of present-day Hollanders 

 (167.5 cm.) or of the South Germans 

 (167-168 cm.). The women are much 

 shorter than the men, the difference of 

 about 11 cm. being about the same as 

 with the population of Baden, while 

 among the Hottentots the difference 

 between the sexes seems to be somewhat 

 less. The mean of the Eu-group is 174, 

 that of the mid-group 167, and that of 

 the Hott-grou]j 168 cm. for the men, or 

 160-157-157 for the women. 



WOMEN BECOME OBESE. 



The women show the same tendency 

 to lay on fat which characterizes the 

 Hottentot women ; the men do not have 

 this tendency. It begins to show itself 

 from the fifteenth to seventeenth years 

 and reaches its maximum at the age of 

 30. This may be due to environment 

 rather than to heredity. 



The form of the skull is understand- 

 able as a combination of that of the 

 Hottentot and luirojK-an forms; but 

 the skulls of the lui-grouj; are notal)ly 

 nearer to those of I'^urojK-ans and those 

 of the Hott-group to the skull-form of 

 the ])ure Hottentot. 



The facial appearance is decidedly 

 variable. Measurements show that the 

 hybrids mostly are intermediate be- 

 tween pure forms of the two races. The 

 nose is never either entirely European 

 or entirely Hottentot. 



A test showed that the individuals of 

 the three groups could be accurately 

 distinguished by their general appear- 

 ance. 



The skin of the hybrids is dry and 

 little turgescent, as with Europeans. 

 In color it is tolerably light — portions 

 of the body which are covered with 

 clothes show a lighter tint than that of 

 the skin of the Mediterranean race. 

 Many individuals have a darker tint, 

 but it is seldom a pronounced brown. 

 The frequency of lighter and darker 

 skins follows rather closely the degree 

 of racial -mixture. The hair form is 

 extremely variable, ranging from smooth 

 to very curly. Its color is usually black. 

 That of the children is usually lighter, 

 whereas Hottentot children show black 

 hair from its first appearance. Fischer 

 leans to the belief that when hair dark- 

 ens in adult life, it always indicates 

 racial-fusion somewhere in the ancestry 

 of the individual concerned. 



Light e^^es are much more frequent 

 in the Eu-group than in the Hott- 

 group, and in one instance pure blue 

 CN'cs are found; the mid-group holds an 

 intermediate place in this connection. 

 It is notable that wholly dark eyes are 

 rarely found even in the Hott-group. 



MENDELIAN COMPUTATIONS. 



The second and most important part 

 of the book deals with the results that 

 an investigation of these hybrids offers 

 to our knowledge of the laws of heredity. 

 The ]jrc valence of Mendel's law natur- 

 ally occupies the most imj^ortant posi- 

 tion, ])receded by an analysis of the 

 unit characters. 



The relative frequency of straight and 

 waved hair is found, in the second gener- 

 ation of the mid-grou]), to be about that 

 exjjected by Mendel's law; 18% smooth 

 and 82% curly, as compared with the 

 25^ '( and 759c expected from theoretical 

 calculation. The ])ro])ortions of straight 

 liair with the lui-grou]) (48'^() and the 

 Hott-grouj) (17%) are also comi)rehen- 



