PROSTMUMUM. 23 



Riley's description of larva, pupa, and cocoon follows: 



/.rrrra.— Avernge length when full grown. 7 """. to 8 """., subcylindrlc, the 

 elub-shapetl posterior third of body being twice as stout as the thoracic joints, 

 aud joint 4 the most constricted. Translucent when living, dirty white in 

 alcohol. Immaculate in a very few specimens; distinctly marked in the great 

 majority with brownish dorsal cross-bands in middle of joints, leaving free a 

 white mediodorsiil longitudinal line: thoracic joints with three irregular rings of 

 the sjime color; underside more or less irregularly spotted with brown. Head 

 subquadrate, horny, yellowish-brown, with a number of brown spots and lines 

 in regular order as in figure, aud two roundish, approximate ocellate black 

 dots on each side under the skin, and seemingly rudimentary organs of sight, 

 from which the future compound eyes originate: antcnnw uniformly pale, 

 three-jointed, about one-third as long as greatest width of head; joint 1 very 

 stout, fully four times as thick as 2, which is a little longer than 1, straight, 

 slightly tapering towards tip; joint 3 extremely small, a mere triangular tip: 

 mcntum [labium] subtriangular. with apex cut away and replaced by three 

 groups of very small teeth, of which the central group consists of three teeth, 

 the middle one largest, and the groups on side, of four teeth, of which the 

 second from center is largest; sides of mentum [labium], near apex, with two 

 small teeth each; all the teeth are chitinous and black; a long erect bristle, 

 pointing upward and inward, near each side of mentum: labium horny, 

 densely covered with hair: mandibles resembling in shape the profile of the 

 inverted last joint of the human thumb, with a series of teeth in place of the 

 nail ; teeth ditlicult to see, owing to the presence of five distinct brushes of hair; 

 on extreme lower tip of mandibles three large teeth, below them a series of 

 eleven slender and very pointed teeth, of which the first two are the smallest, 

 teeth 3 to 9 increasing and teeth 10 and 11 gradually decreasing in length; a 

 second series of teeth below them consists of two triangular teeth, of which the 

 first is largest: maxilla stout, fleshy, with an Internal thumb-shaped lobe; 

 ma.iillanj 2'(ill)us two-jointed, first joint cylindric, second very short, crowned 

 with a regular circular row of short spines or warts: labium [hyiiopharj-nx] 

 horny, with two brushes of hair above, between which is a very small ligula, 

 covered with a small brush of hairs; fans composed of a stout stem, bearing 

 about forty-six scythe-shaped rays, lined on the inside by very minute, equi- 

 distant, erect hairs of equal length. Thoracic .prolcg faintly four-jointetl. sub- 

 conical, retractile ( Intro versible), very thin and transparent, crowned with 

 about twenty rows of short, sharp hooks, apparently arranged in a circular 

 manner; the hooks, of which ten are in each row. seem to be movable to a 

 certain extent, and are fastened or hinged to small chitinous rods in the 

 epidermis. Tip of abdomen formed by a subcylindrical body crowned with rows 

 of hooks. Breathing organs below these hooks and on the upper side of ab- 

 domen ; they consist of three short, cylindrical, soft and retractile tentacles, 

 which connect with the large internal tracheae. In full-grown larvre a spot 

 more or less dark is seen on each side of thoracic joint ; it is produced by the 

 formation of the coiled breathing tubes of the future pupa. 



I'uija. — Average length 5 '"'". General color, when fresh, honey yellow ; 

 prothoracic filaments brown, and the abdomen dorsally also tinged with brown, 

 except on mediodorsiil space; all the members have also a fine brown marginal 

 line. Prothoracic filaments consisting of six main rays, issuing from the basal 

 prominence and subdivided two or three times, so that in most cases as many 

 as forty-eight terminal filaments can becounted. [PI. IV. fig. 1. 1 Abdominal joints 

 3, 4. and 5 each with eight well sei)arated dark-brown and anteriorly-recurved 

 hooks, the four on each side separated by a mediodorsal space ; those on joint 3 



