82 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODIDiE. 



Paraleyrodes perseae (Quaintance). 

 (Plate XXX, tigs. 1-9.) 



Aleurodcs pcrsew Quaiutance, Tech. Ser. S, Bur. Eut., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 32. 



(1900.) 

 Paraleyrodes {Aleurodicus) persece,'^ Tech. Ser. 12, Bur, Ent., U. S. Dept. 



Agr., p. 170. (1909.) 



The description of the species original!}^ published in 1909 follows: 



Egg. — Elliptical, size about 0.24 mm. by 0,12 mm., with stalk unusually long; 

 smoky in color, the shell smooth; eggs deposited promiscuously in the white, 

 flocculent secretion of the adults. 



Larva, first stage. — Size about 0.338 mm. by 0.18 mm., subelliptical, very 

 slightly narrowed caudad; yellowish white, with more or less rectangular spots 

 of orange in the abdominal regions, eye-spots reddish. There is a fringe all 

 around of white wax ; on the margin, cephalad of eyes, are six setaj, and on 

 lateral margins of thoracic region are three on each side. On caudal margin 

 are six setae, the middle pair of which is considerably longer than others. 

 On ventral surface, just within margin, all around, is a series of sparsely set, 

 small, tubercled setce. Legs and antenute well developed. Vasiform orifice 

 practically as in pupa-case. 



Pupa-case.^ — Size about 0.8G mm. by 0.53 mm. Subelliptical in shape, with 

 slightly undulate outline. Color, under hand Ions, yellowish brown ; empty 

 pupa-case colorless, very fragile, soon falling from the leaf. On the margin, 

 all around, is a fringe of more or less curled, short, white wax ribbons, and 

 over the case and adjacent leaf area are many fragments of white wax rods, 

 of variable length, profusely produced from the seven pairs of dorsal comi)ound 

 pores, which are situated, a pair on cephalic end and six pairs on the abdominal 

 segments, the cephalic two pairs of which are smaller and nearer the median 

 line. The margin, or rim, of each compound pore is thickened, and from within 

 the cup there arises a rather large, fluted, cylindrical tube, extending upward 

 about one-half its length beyond the rim of cup. Within tube, at base, is a 

 short conical elevation. The entire structure is brownish in color. Dorsum 

 void of well-developed setfe, save a pair just within caudal margin. A pair of 

 minute setae occurs on margin near caudal end of case. There is. however, 

 just within margin on case, all around, a row of brownish-colored, tubercled 

 setae. Vasiform orifice subcordate (fig. 35, c). about as long as wide. Cephalic 

 margin straight, coinciding with cephalic margin of operculum. Opei'culum 

 subrectangular, the lateral margins somewhat rounded; considerably wider 

 than long and with caudal margin almost straight. Lingula relatively large, 



"Extended and corrected from Tech. Ser. 8, Div. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 32 (1890). 



lln the description of the waxy secretion, as originally given (1. c), this was de- 

 scrihod as follows : 



"There is a profuse dorsal exudation : First, a rather short, downward-curving fringe 

 of pearly white wax, all around, arising from just within margin and curling outward 

 and downward over margin to near surface of leaf. This fringe is hardly continuous 

 but is more or less split apart into ribbons or bands. Second, more dorsally curving 

 columns. These occur in a triangle, one on each side and one at end. These columns of 

 white wax are about as high as pupa-case is wide. The pupa-case is almost obscured by 

 this exudation, when viewed from above." 



According to Doctor Morrill's observations the secretion, as above described. Is abnor- 

 mal to this species and is due to the effect of parasitism. Of many specimens examined 

 by him, showing the secretion of this character, all were found to be parasitized ; and, on 

 the other hand, this type of secretion was never found on pupa-cases not attacked by 

 parasites. The normal secretion therefore Is as described in the text. 



